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    <p>The usual approach is to execute the following two commands for each folder:</p> <pre><code>. EXAMINE "&lt;foldername&gt;" . FETCH 1:* (UID FLAGS) </code></pre> <p>The first command selects a folder returns the <em>UIDVALIDITY</em> of this folder. If this value matches the previously returned <em>UIDVALIDITY</em> for this folder, you can rely on the <em>UIDs</em>. The second command returns (at least) the <em>UID</em> and all <em>FLAGS</em> for each mail in the selected folder.</p> <ul> <li>You should use the <em>UID</em> to detect which mails have been added or removed. Note that the content of an email can not be changed without also changing the <em>UID</em>.</li> <li>In basic IMAP, the <em>FLAGS</em> are the only attributes that can be changed for an email. The flags contain information about read mails (<code>\Seen</code>) and deleted mails (<code>\Deleted</code>).</li> </ul> <p>This approach is used by most clients, and most IMAP servers are optimized for them. The limiting factor is usually the available bandwidth between client and server.</p> <p>The following situations are a bit more complicated:</p> <ul> <li>What should be done if <em>UIDVALIDITY</em> does not match? The IMAP specification requires that servers do their best to avoid unnecessary changes to this value.</li> <li>Should there be an optimization for moved mails (actually copied mails)? In basic IMAP, you can not detect that an email is a copy of another email - regardless whether the email in the source folder still exists or whether it has already been deleted and expunged.</li> </ul>
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