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    <p>well, the "libraries" that you are referring to are just the <strong><em>language grammars</em></strong>. </p> <p>Indeed, language grammars are just <em>rule sets for divindg a document's syntax into scopes</em>. </p> <p>In other words, each rule in a grammar just assigns one or more elements of syntax to a scope.</p> <p>w/r/t the the actual <strong><em>parsing</em></strong>, for TextMate and Sublime Text, it is done by <strong><em>regular expressions</em></strong>.</p> <p>For instance, consider the python language grammar; As you know, when i put my cursor at the beginning of <em>while</em>, and do <em>ctrl-shift-P</em> (show scope), the scope will appear in the status bar:</p> <pre><code>source.python.keyword.control.flow.python </code></pre> <p>Again, this scope is defined in the python language grammar, so we can find the specific rule: </p> <pre><code>{ match = '\b(elif|else|except|finally|for|if|try|while|with|break|continue|pass|raise|return|yield)\b'; name = 'keyword.control.flow.python'; } </code></pre> <p>The first item, <strong><em>match</em></strong> is just the <em>pattern</em> that is passed into the parser.</p> <p>The second item, <strong><em>name</em></strong> is just the name given to that particular syntax element (i.e., the <em>scope</em>).</p> <p><strong>Sublime Text 2</strong> stores language grammars in the <em>Packages</em> directory with the extension <em>tmLanguage</em> as XML rather than JSON, so the rule above from the python language grammar looks like this in ST2:</p> <pre><code>&lt;dict&gt; &lt;key&gt; match &lt;/key&gt; &lt;string&gt; \b(elif|else|except|finally|for|if|try|while|with|break|....[truncated] &lt;/string&gt; &lt;key&gt; name &lt;/key&gt; &lt;string&gt; keyword.control.flow.python &lt;/string&gt; &lt;/dict&gt; </code></pre> <p>So every rule in the grammar is <em>wrapped</em> in a pair of <strong><em>dict tags</em></strong>, and each rule's <em>regexp</em> pattern is wrapped in <strong><em>string tags</em></strong>; ditto for its corresponding scope name.</p> <p>All of the language grammars are comprised entirely of these rules--with precisely this <em>match/name</em> (or <em>pattern/scope</em>) structure.</p>
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    1. POWhere can I find a library that parses source code and is able to extract the scope of where your cursor is currently in the code?
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    1. POWhere can I find a library that parses source code and is able to extract the scope of where your cursor is currently in the code?
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    1. COThank you for the great answer - I was ignorant to the nomenclature "language grammars". Is there anywhere available where I can find a "directory" of the regular expressions used to parse the source code or should I just be referencing *.tmLanguage files?
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    2. COno problem. That's exactly right, so just choose the language of interest to you, e.g., python, find the correct ST2 file in the Packages directory, which has the extension *tmLanguage*. Those files are just a collection of two-item rules sets as i mentioned above. the "match" items of course are the actual regexp patterns. (Note that ST2 seems to store these files as XML rather than JSON--i'll update my answer given i was considering TM only when i wrote it.
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    3. COI think the term "language grammar" is pretty abused here. "Grammar" has a well defined meaning (look it up at Wikipedia). Now that I understand what this editor does, I'm fine with the idea it uses a heuristic ("look for regex") to partition code into regions. But that can't get lexical scopes *right*.... for that you need real parsing for most real languages, in which such scopes nest.
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