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    <p>See this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/883858/what-is-the-best-practice-for-reading-property-files-in-j2ee">question</a> for reading properties file outside of the WAR file.</p> <p>See this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/490580/how-to-move-the-environment-details-outside-the-ear">question</a> for reading variable values from JNDI. I believe that this is the best solution. You can read a String variable with this code:</p> <pre><code>Context initialContext = new InitialContext(); String myvar = (String) initialContext.lookup("java:comp/env/myvar"); </code></pre> <p>The above code will work on all containers. In Tomcat you declare the following in conf/server.xml:</p> <pre class="lang-xml prettyprint-override"><code>&lt;GlobalNamingResources ...&gt; &lt;Environment name="myvar" value="..." type="java.lang.String" override="false"/&gt; &lt;/GlobalNamingResources&gt; </code></pre> <p>The above will create a global resource. It is also possible to define a resource in the context of application. In most containers the JNDI resources are available through a MBeans Management Console. Some of them offer a graphical interface to edit them. At most an application restart is needed, when a change is made.</p> <p>How JNDI resources are defined and edited is container specific. It is the job of the configurator/administrator to apply the appropriate settings.</p> <p>These are the benefits offered by JNDI:</p> <ul> <li>You can define default values of the parameters in the WAR/EAR file.</li> <li>Parameters are easily configurable at the container.</li> <li>You don't need to restart the container when you modify the value of a parameter.</li> </ul>
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    1. POHow can I store Java EE configuration parameters outside of an EAR or WAR?
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    1. POHow can I store Java EE configuration parameters outside of an EAR or WAR?
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    1. COIn my case, the parameter setting needed to be done by "untrained" end users - navigating a complex XML file to find the one and only thing that needed to change wasn't an option (too much risk they'd change something they shouldn't and break the whole container.)
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    2. COWhat's an untrained end user doing administering a container?
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    3. COIn many organisations the configuration is performed by network administrators. In some cases only a manager is allowed to configure passwords or other sensitive data. These persons may have little experience with XML.
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