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    <p>The common language infrastructure (ECMA-335) places the following restrictions on alignment:</p> <blockquote> <p>12.6.2 Alignment</p> <p>Built-in data types shall be properly aligned, which is defined as follows:</p> <ul> <li>1-byte, 2-byte, and 4-byte data is properly aligned when it is stored at a 1-byte, 2-byte, or 4-byte boundary, respectively.</li> <li>8-byte data is properly aligned when it is stored on the same boundary required by the underlying hardware for atomic access to a native int.</li> </ul> <p>Thus, int16 and unsigned int16 start on even address; int32, unsigned int32, and float32 start on an address divisible by 4; and int64, unsigned int64, and float64 start on an address divisible by 4 or 8, depending upon the target architecture. The native size types (native int, native unsigned int, and &amp;) are always naturally aligned (4 bytes or 8 bytes, depending on the architecture). When generated externally, these should also be aligned to their natural size, although portable code can use 8-byte alignment to guarantee architecture independence. It is strongly recommended that float64 be aligned on an 8-byte boundary, even when the size of native int is 32 bits.</p> </blockquote> <p>The CLI also specifies that you can use an <code>unaligned</code> prefix to allow for abritrary alignment. Furthermore, the JIT must produce correct code to read and write regardless of the actual alignment.</p> <p>Additionally, the CLI allows for the explicit layout of class fields:</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li><strong><code>explicitlayout</code></strong>: A class marked <code>explicitlayout</code> causes the loader to ignore field sequence and to use the explicit layout rules provided, in the form of field offsets and/or overall class size or alignment. There are restrictions on valid layouts, specified in Partition II.</li> </ul> <p>...</p> <p>Optionally, a developer can specify a packing size for a class. This is layout information that is not often used, but it allows a developer to control the alignment of the fields. It is not an alignment specification, per se, but rather serves as a modifier that places a ceiling on all alignments. Typical values are 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. Generic types shall not be marked <code>explicitlayout</code>.</p> </blockquote>
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    1. POAlignment of arrays in .NET
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    1. CO+1. I assume, this either complicates the compaction by the GC or makes it potentially less efficient, right?
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    2. CO@JGrand: complicates it how so?
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    3. COBecause arrays cannot freely get moved to close all (small) holes (?)
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