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    <p>There are several forms of authentication that web sites can use.</p> <ol> <li><p>HTTP Authentication. This where the browser pops up a window for you to enter your username and password. There are two mechanisms: basic and digest. There is an "Authorization" Header that comes along with the page that tells a browser (or a program using urllib2) what to do.</p> <p>In this case, you must configure your urlopener to provide the answers that the authorization header needs to see. You'll need to build either an <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HTTPBasicAuthHandler</a> or <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#urllib2.HTTPDigestAuthHandler" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HTTPDigestAuthHandler</a>. </p> <p>AuthHandlers require a <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgr" rel="nofollow noreferrer">PasswordManager</a>. This password manager could have a hard-coded username and password (very common) or it could be clever and work out your Windows password from some Windows API.</p></li> <li><p>Application Authentication. This is where the web application directs you to a page with a form you fill in with a username and password. In this case, your Python program must use urllib2 to do a POST (a <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#urllib2.urlopen" rel="nofollow noreferrer">request with data</a>) where the data is the form filled in properly. The reply to the post usually contains a cookie, which is what allows you further access. You don't need to worry much about the cookie, urllib2 handles this automatically.</p></li> </ol> <p>How do you know which you have? You dump the headers on the response. The response from urllib2.openurl includes all the headers (in <code>page.info()</code>) as well as the page content.</p> <p>Read <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/720867/http-authentication-in-python">HTTP Authentication in Python</a></p> <p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/112768/how-would-one-log-into-a-phpbb3-forum-through-a-python-script-using-urllib-urlli">How would one log into a phpBB3 forum through a Python script using urllib, urllib2 and ClientCookie?</a></p> <p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/101742/how-do-you-access-an-authenticated-google-app-engine-service-from-a-non-web-pyt">How do you access an authenticated Google App Engine service from a (non-web) python client?</a></p>
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    1. POWindows Authentication with Python and urllib2
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