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PO
primarykey
Id
9041763
data
AcceptedAnswerId
0
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0
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1
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2012-01-28T00:12:05.800
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0
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2012-01-28T00:18:28.663
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2012-01-28T00:18:28.663
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841337
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841337
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972
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2
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5
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Consolidating Jason Pratt's and the community wiki answers, with a look at the results of different methods of binding: Especially note how adding the binding function as a class method works, but the referencing scope is incorrect. <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python -u import types import inspect ## dynamically adding methods to a unique instance of a class # get a list of a class's method type attributes def listattr(c): for m in [(n, v) for n, v in inspect.getmembers(c, inspect.ismethod) if isinstance(v,types.MethodType)]: print m[0], m[1] # externally bind a function as a method of an instance of a class def ADDMETHOD(c, method, name): c.__dict__[name] = types.MethodType(method, c) class C(): r = 10 # class attribute variable to test bound scope def __init__(self): pass #internally bind a function as a method of self's class -- note that this one has issues! def addmethod(self, method, name): self.__dict__[name] = types.MethodType( method, self.__class__ ) # predfined function to compare with def f0(self, x): print 'f0\tx = %d\tr = %d' % ( x, self.r) a = C() # created before modified instnace b = C() # modified instnace def f1(self, x): # bind internally print 'f1\tx = %d\tr = %d' % ( x, self.r ) def f2( self, x): # add to class instance's .__dict__ as method type print 'f2\tx = %d\tr = %d' % ( x, self.r ) def f3( self, x): # assign to class as method type print 'f3\tx = %d\tr = %d' % ( x, self.r ) def f4( self, x): # add to class instance's .__dict__ using a general function print 'f4\tx = %d\tr = %d' % ( x, self.r ) b.addmethod(f1, 'f1') b.__dict__['f2'] = types.MethodType( f2, b) b.f3 = types.MethodType( f3, b) ADDMETHOD(b, f4, 'f4') b.f0(0) # OUT: f0 x = 0 r = 10 b.f1(1) # OUT: f1 x = 1 r = 10 b.f2(2) # OUT: f2 x = 2 r = 10 b.f3(3) # OUT: f3 x = 3 r = 10 b.f4(4) # OUT: f4 x = 4 r = 10 k = 2 print 'changing b.r from {0} to {1}'.format(b.r, k) b.r = k print 'new b.r = {0}'.format(b.r) b.f0(0) # OUT: f0 x = 0 r = 2 b.f1(1) # OUT: f1 x = 1 r = 10 !!!!!!!!! b.f2(2) # OUT: f2 x = 2 r = 2 b.f3(3) # OUT: f3 x = 3 r = 2 b.f4(4) # OUT: f4 x = 4 r = 2 c = C() # created after modifying instance # let's have a look at each instance's method type attributes print '\nattributes of a:' listattr(a) # OUT: # attributes of a: # __init__ <bound method C.__init__ of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FD88>> # addmethod <bound method C.addmethod of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FD88>> # f0 <bound method C.f0 of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FD88>> print '\nattributes of b:' listattr(b) # OUT: # attributes of b: # __init__ <bound method C.__init__ of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> # addmethod <bound method C.addmethod of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> # f0 <bound method C.f0 of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> # f1 <bound method ?.f1 of <class __main__.C at 0x000000000237AB28>> # f2 <bound method ?.f2 of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> # f3 <bound method ?.f3 of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> # f4 <bound method ?.f4 of <__main__.C instance at 0x000000000230FE08>> print '\nattributes of c:' listattr(c) # OUT: # attributes of c: # __init__ <bound method C.__init__ of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002313108>> # addmethod <bound method C.addmethod of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002313108>> # f0 <bound method C.f0 of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002313108>> </code></pre> Personally, I prefer the external ADDMETHOD function route, as it allows me to dynamically assign new method names within an iterator as well. <pre><code>def y(self, x): pass d = C() for i in range(1,5): ADDMETHOD(d, y, 'f%d' % i) print '\nattributes of d:' listattr(d) # OUT: # attributes of d: # __init__ <bound method C.__init__ of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # addmethod <bound method C.addmethod of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # f0 <bound method C.f0 of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # f1 <bound method ?.y of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # f2 <bound method ?.y of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # f3 <bound method ?.y of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> # f4 <bound method ?.y of <__main__.C instance at 0x0000000002303508>> </code></pre>
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1. POAdding a Method to an Existing Object Instance
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