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    <p>In reference to the comment above about walking the heap.</p> <p>Different GC's do it different ways. </p> <p>Typically copying collectors when they walk the heap, they don't walk all of the objects in the heap. Rather they walk the LIVE objects in the heap. The implication is that if it's reachable from the "root" object, the object is live.</p> <p>So, at this stage is has to touch all of the live objects anyway, as it copies them from the old heap to the new heap. Once the copy of the live objects is done, all that remains in the old heap are either objects already copied, or garbage. At that point the old heap can be discarded completely.</p> <p>The two primary benefits of this kind of collector are that it compacts the heap during the copy phase, and that it only copies living objects. This is important to many systems because with this kind of collector, object allocation is dirt cheap, literally little more than incrementing a heap pointer. When GC happens, none of the "dead" objects are copied, so they don't slow the collector down. It also turns out in dynamic systems that there's a lot more little, temporary garbage, than there is long standing garbage.</p> <p>Also, by walking the live object graph, you can see how the GC can "know" about every object, and keep track of them for any address adjustment purposes performed during the copy.</p> <p>This is not the forum to talk deeply about GC mechanics, as it's a non-trivial problem, but that's the basics of how a copying collector works.</p> <p>A generational copying GC will put "older" objects in different heaps, and those end up being collected less often than "newer" heaps. The theory is that the long lasting objects get promoted to older generations and get collected less and less, improving overall GC performance.</p>
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