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    <p>Yes, using DataSets uses a lot more memory than the actual data. How much is hard to quantify, but <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/424598/what-is-the-memory-overhead-of-storing-data-in-a-net-datatable/424662">this</a> question on StackOverflow suggests more than 4 times the original data size. Let's assume that is correct. 150MB of data times 4 = 600MB of memory. When ASP.NET application use around 800MB of RAM they will start to throw OutOfMemoryExceptions. I'm not sure how that that limit is the same as the Application Pool memory limit. Have you tried the /3GB switch in boot.ini? (See <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/833722" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this article</a> for instructions)</p> <p>Also note that if you are serializing your DataSet, the serializer may allocate huge buffers for the serialization (up to 10 times the original size, see <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/tess/archive/2006/02/02/523553.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this article</a>. You indicate that the problem occurs when you read the data so this is probably not the cause of your error (but it might be if you solve the out of memory error and try to send the data over the wire).</p> <p>My experience with DataSets is that they might seem like a good idea at first but you will very soon run into problems.</p> <p>Another (probably better) solution would be to use a DataReader and read one row at a time. Return batches of rows (i.e. use some kind of paging for the data) and experiment with the size of each batch to find the sweet spot between performance and memory usage. WCF streaming might do the trick but you will need to configure WCF correctly to allow it to return such massive amounts of data in one call.</p>
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