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  1. PO
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    <p><strong>Here is a short and simple (no <code>xsl:choose</code>, <code>xsl:when</code> and <code>xsl:otherwise</code>) solution</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:strip-space elements="*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node()|@*"&gt; &lt;xsl:param name="pParent" select="/.."/&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"&gt; &lt;xsl:with-param name="pParent" select="$pParent"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:apply-templates&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="prot"&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:copy-of select="@*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="../prot/node"&gt; &lt;xsl:with-param name="pParent" select="."/&gt; &lt;/xsl:apply-templates&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node/text()"&gt; &lt;xsl:param name="pParent" select="/.."/&gt; &lt;xsl:variable name="vSameParent" select= "boolean(not((../.. | $pParent)[2]))"/&gt; &lt;xsl:value-of select= "concat(substring('-', 1 +$vSameParent), self::node()[$vSameParent] ) "/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>when this transformation is applied on the provided XML document</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;data&gt; &lt;prot seq="AAA"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="BBB"&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;6666&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="CCC"&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;/data&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>the wanted, correct result is produced</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;data&gt; &lt;prot seq="AAA"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="BBB"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;6666&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="CCC"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;/data&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Explanation</strong>:</p> <ol> <li><p>We use and override a modified version of the identity rule -- one which accepts and passes a parameter named <code>$pParent</code>.</p></li> <li><p>The parameter <code>$pParent</code> contains the <code>node</code> element that issued <code>xsl:apply-templates</code>, part of which is the processing of the current node.</p></li> <li><p>We have two templates that override the identity rule. The first overriding template matches any <code>prot</code> element. It is almost identical to the identity rule, but it sets the <code>$pParent</code> parameter with a meaningful value (this node itself).</p></li> <li><p>The second overriding template matches any text node that is a child of any <code>node</code> element. Here, depending on whether or not the value of <code>$pParent</code> identifies the grandparent of the matched text node, we output respectively, the value of the text node or just <code>"-"</code>.</p></li> <li><p>The decision what to output is done without using any explicit conditional instruction. Instead, we use the XPath <code>concat()</code> function with two arguments, exactly one of which is a non-empty string. To assure this property, we use the boolean variable <code>$vSameParent</code>, which is specified in such a way that its value is <code>true()</code> exactly when the grand-parent of the matched text node is identical to the node contained in <code>$pParent</code>. Finally, we use the fact that when used as a number, a boolean value of <code>true()</code> is converted to <code>1</code> and a boolean value of <code>false()</code> is converted to <code>0</code>.</p></li> </ol> <p><strong>Update</strong>: This is a new solution -- to the modified by the OP problem:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:strip-space elements="*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:key name="kNodeByNum" match="node" use="@num"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node()|@*"&gt; &lt;xsl:param name="pNum"/&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"&gt; &lt;xsl:with-param name="pNum" select="$pNum"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:apply-templates&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="prot"&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:copy-of select="@*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select= "../prot/node [generate-id() = generate-id(key('kNodeByNum', @num)[1]) ] "&gt; &lt;xsl:with-param name="pNum" select="node/@num"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:apply-templates&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node/text()"&gt; &lt;xsl:param name="pNum" select="/.."/&gt; &lt;xsl:variable name="vSameNum" select= "../@num = $pNum"/&gt; &lt;xsl:value-of select= "concat(substring('-', 1 +$vSameNum), self::node()[$vSameNum] ) "/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>when this transformation is applied to the provided XML document</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;data&gt; &lt;prot seq="AAA"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="BBB"&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;6666&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="CCC"&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="DDD"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="EEE"&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;/data&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>the new wanted result is produced</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;data&gt; &lt;prot seq="AAA"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="BBB"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;6666&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="CCC"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="DDD"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;1345&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;prot seq="EEE"&gt; &lt;node num="4"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="7"&gt;-&lt;/node&gt; &lt;node num="10"&gt;3e33&lt;/node&gt; &lt;/prot&gt; &lt;/data&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Explanation</strong>: The same main ideas as with the original problem, with added <strong><a href="http://www.jenitennison.com/xslt/grouping/muenchian.html" rel="nofollow">Muenchian Grouping</a></strong>.</p>
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    1. COThanks (as starts to be usual) again :) now I'll see what do I understand. However, I've edited the question since the XML initial code that I've posted was too simple. I have to get rid of this redundancy.
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    2. CO@Gerard: I have updated my answer (look at the end) accordingly. :)
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    3. COThanks again, I'll take a deep look tomorrow, I have to admit that DevNull code was difficult (many things seen for 1st time), but yours is even "worse" :) That usually means a good opportunity to learn more, and I also am very curious to see if this muenchian approach will be able to operate with a huge number of nodes.
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