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    <p><code>table</code> and <code>which</code> would certainly be the answer to the first question:</p> <pre><code> names(table(dfrm$ID))[which(table(dfrm$ID) &lt;4)] #[1] "2" </code></pre> <p>As for the second question, maybe you should post the code that is generating the error. At the moment it's not clear what you are trying (and failing) to do.</p> <p><strong>EDIT:</strong> </p> <p>If I convert the factor variables to character variables I can get dcast to return the correct object, although my error is different than yours. I got the error in both reshape 1.1 and reshape 1.2.1 on R 2.14.1 on a Mac.</p> <p><strong>EDIT2:</strong> As it turned out the bug was fixed in the newest version of plyr. I get no error with reshape 1.2.1 running with plyr 1.7. You should also update those two packages and restart with a fresh session.</p> <pre><code>require(reshape2) dfrm &lt;- structure(list(ID = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3), value.A = structure(c(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L), .Label = c(" A1 ", " A2 ", " A3 ", " A4 "), class = "factor"), value.B = structure(c(2L, 6L, 1L, 7L, 1L, 3L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 5L, 6L), .Label = c(" B", " F", " G", " H", " J", " N", " S"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("ID", "value.A", "value.B"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -11L)) dcast(dfrm2, ID ~ value.A) # Using value.B as value column: use value_var to override. # Error in names(data) &lt;- array_names(res$labels[[2]]) : # 'names' attribute [4] must be the same length as the vector [1] # I first tried removing the leading and trainly spaces with: dfrm2 &lt;- data.frame(lapply(dfrm, gsub, patt="^\\s+|\\s+$", rep="")) # Still got the error. Now try to leave as "character" type. dfrm2 &lt;- data.frame(lapply(dfrm, gsub, patt="^\\s+|\\s+$", rep=""),stringsAsFactors=FALSE) str(dfrm2) #----------------- 'data.frame': 11 obs. of 3 variables: $ ID : chr "1" "1" "1" "1" ... $ value.A: chr "A1" "A2" "A3" "A4" ... $ value.B: chr "F" "N" "B" "S" ... dcast(dfrm2, ID ~ value.A) #------------------ Using value.B as value column: use value_var to override. ID A1 A2 A3 A4 1 1 F N B S 2 2 B G N &lt;NA&gt; 3 3 F H J N </code></pre>
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    1. COI edited the questions. See above for the error message I am constantly getting.
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    2. CO+1 for tracking down the package version/fixed bug.
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    3. COThank you very much for all the research on the package and your help. It seems obvious but for some reason this solution still does not work for me. I am still getting the same error message you did. (With the new package version and rewriting the dataframe as character types like you did in your example.) Also, dcast only works for me if I additionally use 'value_var = value.B', otherwise it just gives me the frequences instead of the actual values in column B. So I am wondering, how did you do it? And why doesn´t it do the same for me?
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