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    <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/ayf1S.png" alt="GameApplet"></p> <p>See this code for a few corrections. </p> <pre><code>// &lt;applet code='GameApplet' width=400 height=50&gt;&lt;/applet&gt; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GameApplet extends JApplet { // main class for the game as a Swing application // Define constants for the game static final int CANVAS_WIDTH = 493; // width and height of the game screen static final int CANVAS_HEIGHT = 411; static final int UPDATE_RATE = 4; // number of game update per second static final long UPDATE_PERIOD = 1000000000L / UPDATE_RATE; // nanoseconds Timer timer; static int DRAWS = 0; // ...... // Enumeration for the states of the game. public enum gameState { INITIALIZED, CONNECTING, PLAYING, DISCONNECTED } private gameState state; // Define instance variables for the game objects // ...... // ...... // Handle for the custom drawing panel private GameCanvas canvas; // Constructor to initialize the UI components and game objects public GameApplet() { // Initialize the game objects gameInit(); // UI components canvas = new GameCanvas(); // set the size of the applet in HTML, not the content pane! canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT)); this.setContentPane(canvas); // Other UI components such as button, score board, if any. // ...... //this.setVisible(true); } // All the game related codes here // Initialize all the game objects, run only once in the constructor of the main class. public void gameInit() { // ...... state = gameState.INITIALIZED; gameStart(); } // Shutdown the game, clean up code that runs only once. public void gameShutdown() { // ...... state = gameState.DISCONNECTED; } @Override public void destroy() { timer.stop(); } // To start and re-start the game. public void gameStart() { // Create a new thread //Thread gameThread = new Thread() { // Override run() to provide the running behavior of this thread. // @Override // public void run() { gameLoop(); // } //}; // Start the thread. start() calls run(), which in turn calls gameLoop(). //gameThread.start(); } // Run the game loop here. private void gameLoop() { // Regenerate the game objects for a new game // ...... //state = State.PLAYING; // Game loop ActionListener al = new ActionListener() { long beginTime, timeTaken, timeLeft; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { beginTime = System.nanoTime(); if (state == gameState.DISCONNECTED) { //break; // break the loop to finish the current play System.out.println("do SOMETHING here.."); } if (state == gameState.PLAYING) { // Update the state and position of all the game objects, // detect collisions and provide responses. gameUpdate(); } // Refresh the display repaint(); // Delay timer to provide the necessary delay to meet the target rate timeTaken = System.nanoTime() - beginTime; timeLeft = (UPDATE_PERIOD - timeTaken) / 1000000L; // in milliseconds if (timeLeft &lt; 10) timeLeft = 10; // set a minimum } }; timer = new Timer(40,al); timer.start(); } // Update the state and position of all the game objects, // detect collisions and provide responses. public void gameUpdate() { } // Refresh the display. Called back via rapaint(), which invoke the paintComponent(). private void gameDraw(Graphics2D g2d) { switch (state) { case INITIALIZED: g2d.setColor (Color.red); g2d.drawString ("init",20,20); break; case PLAYING: g2d.setColor (Color.red); g2d.drawString ("play",20,20); break; case CONNECTING: g2d.setColor (Color.red); g2d.drawString ("connecting",20,20); break; case DISCONNECTED: g2d.setColor (Color.red); g2d.drawString ("disconnect",20,20); break; } g2d.setColor (Color.GREEN); g2d.drawString ("Re-paint: " + DRAWS,30,30); this.DRAWS++; // ...... } // Process a key-pressed event. Update the current state. public void gameKeyPressed(int keyCode) { switch (keyCode) { case KeyEvent.VK_UP: // ...... break; case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN: // ...... break; case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT: // ...... break; case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT: // ...... break; } } // Process a key-released event. public void gameKeyReleased(int keyCode) { } // Process a key-typed event. public void gameKeyTyped(char keyChar) { } // Other methods // ...... // Custom drawing panel, written as an inner class. class GameCanvas extends JPanel implements KeyListener { // Constructor public GameCanvas() { setFocusable(true); // so that can receive key-events requestFocus(); addKeyListener(this); } // Override paintComponent to do custom drawing. // Called back by repaint(). @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; super.paintComponent(g2d); // paint background setBackground(Color.BLACK); // may use an image for background // Draw the game objects gameDraw(g2d); } // KeyEvent handlers @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { gameKeyPressed(e.getKeyCode()); } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { gameKeyReleased(e.getKeyCode()); } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { gameKeyTyped(e.getKeyChar()); } } } </code></pre> <p>Note that the addition of the single line comment at the top of the source means that (once compiled) it can be launched from the command line using..</p> <pre><code>&gt; appletviewer GameApplet.java </code></pre>
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    1. POWhat is wrong with this applet gameloop?
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    1. USAndrew Thompson
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