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    <blockquote> <p>Q: I understand Pthread is a thread library meeting POSIX standard</p> </blockquote> <p>A: Yes. Actually, "Pthreads" stands for "Posix threads": <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pthreads" rel="noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pthreads</a></p> <blockquote> <p>Q: It is available in Unix-like OS.</p> </blockquote> <p>A: Actually, it's available for many different OSs ... including Windows, MacOS ... and, of course, Linux, BSD and Solaris.</p> <blockquote> <p>Q: About thread, I read that there are three different models</p> </blockquote> <p>Now you're getting fuzzy. "Threads" is a very generic term. There are many, many different models. And many, many different ways you can characterize and/or implement "threads". Including stuff like the Java threading model, or the Ada threading model.</p> <blockquote> <p>Q: When I call pthread_create() to create a thread, did I create a user level thread?</p> </blockquote> <p>A: Yes: Just about everything you do in user space is "protected" in your own, private "user space".</p> <blockquote> <p>Q: User level thread: the kernel does not know it.</p> </blockquote> <p>A: No. The kernel knows <em>everything</em> :)</p> <blockquote> <p>Q: Kernel level thread: kernel directly supports multiple threads of control in a process.</p> </blockquote> <p>A: Yes, there is such a thing as "kernel threads".</p> <p>And, as it happens, Linux makes EXTENSIVE use of kernel threads. For example, every single process in a Linux system is a "kernel thread". And every user-created pthread is ALSO implemented as a new "kernel thread". As are "worker threads" (which are completely invisible to any user-level process).</p> <p>But this is an advanced topic you do NOT need to understand in order to effectively use pthreads. Here's a great book that discussed this - and many other topics - in detail:</p> <p><a href="http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0672329468" rel="noreferrer">Linux Kernel Development, Robert Love</a></p> <p>Remember: "Pthreads" is an interface. How it's implemented depends on the platform. Linux uses kernel threads; Windows uses Win32 threads, etc.</p>
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