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    <p>There's now a <a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/history/page-visibility" rel="nofollow noreferrer">page visibility API</a> for this, and it is well-supported by all the most recent versions of major browsers on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux (though I have not actually tested all browsers with a fair share of the Linux browser market).</p> <p>The page visibility API is now the best approach for checking visibility; the only caveats are that it can't tell you what parts of the browser window are visible (just that nothing is visible or at least some part is), and that support has only been present since 2016 on Linux, 2015 on Mac, and 2014 (possibly earlier) on Windows.</p> <p>While support was being rolled out, a false negative was rare, but false positives occurred on some platforms; for example, in 2014, OSX rendered miniature versions of minimized applications in the dock, and as a result of the way this had been done, an application could not easily tell whether it was minimized, as it was still asked to paint the screen. Linux had complications with knowing whether your application was on a non-visible workspace, and whether another window was occluding it.</p> <p>The first public draft was published in June, 2011, and it reached "recommendation" status in May 2013. By March, 2014, the most recent versions of all major Windows browsers had full support for the standard. Full support for all major Mac browsers was achieved in April, 2015. Linux support was achieved for at least Chromium by August of 2016 (when <a href="https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=293128" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Chromium issue 293128</a> was closed); while I have not tested them, I expect other Linux browsers have likely kept pace, as the hardest part of the work seems to have been adjusting OS/GUI tookit contracts and APIs to make knowing whether your desktop application is visible possible.</p>
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