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    <p>Boy...I hope you loves your maths...</p> <p>This is a tough question. To determine the "closeness of fit" between two colors, you first must understand the color space/color model in which your are working. The RGB color model (not counting the alpha channel) is essentially Euclidean in nature: each color maps to a point in 3D space. Ergo, the putative distance between two colors, C1 and C2 is</p> <blockquote><pre>Distance = SQRT( (C1<sub><i>red</i></sub> - C2<sub><i>red</i></sub>)<sup>2</sup> + (C1<sub><i>green</i></sub> - C2<sub><i>green</i></sub>)<sup>2</sup> + (C1<sub><i>blue</i></sub> - C2<sub><i>blue</i></sub>)<sup>2</sup> )</pre></blockquote> <p>WRT "normal" human visual perception, this is not necessarily correct. To take that into account gets much more complicated.</p> <p>Try these two papers as jumping-off points:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.compuphase.com/cmetric.htm" rel="nofollow">Colour Metric</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.poynton.com/ColorFAQ.html" rel="nofollow">The Color FAQ</a></li> </ul> <p>The Color FAQ also provide many <a href="http://www.poynton.com/notes/links/color-links.html" rel="nofollow">links to other colorspace resource</a>s.</p> <p>Some more links at <a href="http://www.golden-gryphon.com/software/misc/color-links.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.golden-gryphon.com/software/misc/color-links.html</a></p> <p>Here's a paper on color differences that might help also: <a href="http://www.axiphos.com/Reports/ColorDifferences.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.axiphos.com/Reports/ColorDifferences.pdf</a></p> <p><a href="http://brucelindbloom.com/" rel="nofollow">Bruce Lindbloom's web site</a> has lots of stuff as well, including a color difference calculator, that works in the CIE color space (which has provision for distance computations).</p>
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