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    <p>This pattern is also known as <em>chameleon</em>. It means you're <strong>including</strong> an XML Schema that has no target namespace, which in turn makes that schema <em>assume</em> the namespace of the <em>parent</em> schema.</p> <p>UPDATE: considering the sample XML provided in the comments:</p> <p>First schema file (AttrGroup.xsxd):</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?&gt; &lt;xsd:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup name="attr-group"&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="attr1" type="xsd:string"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attribute name="attr2" type="xsd:int"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:attributeGroup&gt; &lt;/xsd:schema&gt; </code></pre> <p>Second schema file (A.xsd):</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?&gt; &lt;xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:a="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt; &lt;xsd:include schemaLocation="AttrGroup.xsd"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup name="a-group"&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup ref="attr-group"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:attributeGroup&gt; &lt;/xsd:schema&gt; </code></pre> <p>Third schema file (B.xsd):</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?&gt; &lt;xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" xmlns:b="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"&gt; &lt;xsd:include schemaLocation="AttrGroup.xsd"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup name="b-group"&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup ref="attr-group"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:attributeGroup&gt; &lt;/xsd:schema&gt; </code></pre> <p>Fourth XML Schema (Element.xsd):</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt; &lt;!--XML Schema generated by QTAssistant/XSD Module (http://www.paschidev.com)--&gt; &lt;xsd:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:a="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:b="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b"&gt; &lt;xsd:import namespace="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" schemaLocation="A.xsd"/&gt; &lt;xsd:import namespace="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" schemaLocation="B.xsd"/&gt; &lt;xsd:element name="element"&gt; &lt;xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup ref="a:a-group"/&gt; &lt;xsd:attributeGroup ref="b:b-group"/&gt; &lt;/xsd:complexType&gt; &lt;/xsd:element&gt; &lt;/xsd:schema&gt; </code></pre> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/aEyWg.jpg" alt="XML Schema files layout"></p> <p>Sample of valid XML:</p> <pre><code>&lt;element xmlns:a="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:b="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" a:attr1="hello" b:attr2="10" /&gt; </code></pre> <p>Sample of invalid XML:</p> <pre><code>&lt;element xmlns:a="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:b="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" a:attr1="hello" b:attr2="10a" /&gt; </code></pre> <p>When validating against Element.xsd the invalid sample, I am getting this error message (on my tool): Error occurred while loading [], line 1 position 116 The '<a href="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b:attr2" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b:attr2</a>' attribute is invalid - The value '10a' is invalid according to its datatype '<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema:int" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema:int</a>' - The string '10a' is not a valid Int32 value. D:...\SampleAttrGroup.xml is invalid.</p>
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    1. USPetru Gardea
    1. USPetru Gardea
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    1. COThanks for the swift reply, doesn't that give me two different element defintions though? Do I need to validate my xml against both schemas independently?
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    2. COCan you give me an example of an xml document that would validate against a.xsd and b.xsd I have tried test.xml as: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <element xmlns:a="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/a" xmlns:b="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema.xsd/b" elementFormDetail="unqualified" a:attr1="a" b:attr2="b"/>` but it cannot resolve 'element'
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    3. COThanks Petru, that does it! Very clear and well presented answer - cheers!
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