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    <ul> <li><p>first change your definition of <code>do_function</code> to:</p> <pre><code>sub do_function { my $fn = shift; goto &amp;{$functions-&gt;{$fn}} } </code></pre> <p>that is the proper way to dispatch to a new subroutine. this form of <code>goto</code> replaces the currently executing subroutine with the new coderef, passing <code>@_</code> unchanged, and removing <code>do_function</code> from the call stack (so <code>caller</code> works right). you probably want some error checking in there too, to make sure that <code>$fn</code> is a valid name.</p></li> <li><p>inside your function, you can simply modify cells of <code>@_</code> directly, and you do not need to pass anything by reference (since perl already did that for you).</p> <pre><code>sub add1 {$_[0]++} my $x = 1; add1 $x; say $x; # 2 </code></pre> <p>to support <code>key =&gt; value</code> arguments without passing by reference you could write it this way:</p> <pre><code>in $functions-&gt;{f1}: my %args; while (@_) { $args{$_} = /errs/ ? \shift : shift for shift } ## process data ... ## alter ${$args{errs}} ## ... </code></pre></li> <li><p><strong>HOWEVER</strong> since in your case <code>$errs</code> is a hash reference, you don't need to do any extra work. all references are passed by reference automatically. in your existing code, all you have to do is modify a key of <code>$args{errs}</code> (as you are doing right now) and it will modify every reference to that hash.</p> <p>if you wanted a function local hash, you need to make a copy of the hash*:</p> <pre><code>my %errs = %{$args{errs}}; </code></pre> <p>where <code>%errs</code> is private, and once you are done, you can push any values you want to make public into <code>$args{errs}</code> with <code>$args{errs}{...} = ...;</code>. but be sure not to replace <code>$args{errs}</code> with the copy (as in <code>$args{errs} = \%errs</code>) since that will break the connection to the caller's error hash. if you want to copy all the new values in, you could use one of: </p> <pre><code>%{$args{errs}} = %errs; # replace all keys @{$args{errs}}{keys %errs} = values %errs; # replace keys in %errs ... and $args{errs}{$_} = $errs{$_} for keys %errs; # conditional replace </code></pre> <p>*or localize some/all of the keys</p></li> </ul>
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    1. USEric Strom
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    1. COThank you for your comprehensive response!
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