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    <p>Continuing on from your comment: "can you please elaborate on the forward declarations"... </p> <p>Forward declarations are exactly what they sound like. A declaration that will, elsewhere (usually later) be defined. This concept only applies to global symbols. There can only be ONE definition of a global symbol within a resulting binary. You can, however, declare them over and over again within the source code so that they can be referenced during the compile phase.</p> <p>These symbols become definitions in assembly which are then later used in to link everything together during the linking phase.</p> <p>Header files are a common use examples of forward declarations that are defined elsewhere (later) in the code.</p> <p>Local (automatic) variables do not get converted to symbols. So when you say something like </p> <pre><code>int x; int x; </code></pre> <p>within the same scope the compiler disallows it because it is nonsensical. Local variables are simply a convenience to point to a particular location within the function's stack frame. Their definition boundary is within scope markers <code>{</code> <code>}</code>. </p> <p>Header files are essentially "forward declarations" of global variables and functions; to see this for your as in <code>struct foo;</code>. </p> <p>If you would like to see the global definition cause errors try. <code>int x = 10;</code> <code>int x = 11;</code> as a global, and you'll see the compiler spit out an error to the effect "redifintion of x".</p>
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