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    <p>You can't judge the soundness of a database design by counting tables. There's no such thing as "too many tables" normal form, or "not enough tables" normal form. There's also no such thing as "too many columns" normal form, or "not enough columns" normal form.</p> <p>As it stands <em>today</em>, having one column for each of the transmission gear ratios might still get you to 5NF. That's because it's not having multiple columns whose values come from the same domain that's a problem. It's having multiple columns whose values come from the same domain <em>and have the same meaning</em> that's a problem. </p> <p>Clearly, 8th gear and 1st gear have different meanings. In fact, you might consider them to be drawn from different domains. My guess is that 0.67 isn't a valid value for 1st gear, and that 4.85 isn't a valid value for 8th. </p> <p>When these are stored in different columns, </p> <ul> <li>it's easy to enforce the constraint that every row have a value for each of the 8 transmission gear ratios, and </li> <li>constraints on the range of valid values for each gear ratio is really simple. (But you have to accommodate NULLs for later designs having only 5 or 6 gears, and that raises normalization issues.)</li> </ul> <p>When they're stored as rows,</p> <ul> <li>it's harder--perhaps impossible--to enforce the constraint that each vehicle have a value for each of the 8 transmission gear ratios, and</li> <li>constraints on the range of valid values for each gear ratio is more complicated. (Especially when you later accommodate designs that have only 5 or 6 gears.)</li> </ul>
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