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    <p>I guess it is the <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/" rel="nofollow"><em><code>Underscore.js</code> library</em></a> which provides the <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#each" rel="nofollow"><code>each</code></a> method:</p> <blockquote> <p><code>_.each(list, iterator, [context])</code> <em>Alias: forEach</em><br> Iterates over a list of elements, yielding each in turn to an iterator function. The iterator is bound to the context object, if one is passed. Each invocation of iterator is called with three arguments: (element, index, list). If list is a JavaScript object, iterator's arguments will be (value, key, list). Delegates to the native forEach function if it exists. </p> </blockquote> <p>This way, <code>_([...]).each(...)</code>, is just another way of calling it.</p> <p>BTW, it is also described in <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone/" rel="nofollow">Backbone's documentation</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Backbone's only hard dependency is <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/" rel="nofollow">Underscore.js</a>.</p> </blockquote> <hr> <p>And FWIW, as @Jonathon already said, in general, <code>_</code> is a valid variable name and in this case it contains a function. Adding parenthesis behind a function references <em>calls</em> that function and therefore, <code>_()</code> calls the function referred to by <code>_</code>. It is nothing special. </p> <p>Besides that, parenthesis can occur as part of a function declaration or expression (<code>function foo() {...}</code>) or as <a href="http://ecma262-5.com/ELS5_HTML.htm#Section_11.1.6" rel="nofollow">grouping operator</a> (<code>var i = (20 + 1) * 2;</code>).</p>
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