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    <p>If you're dealing with UTF-8 (which you really should consider, imho) none of the posted solutions (using strlen, str_split or count_chars) will work, as all of them treat one byte as one character (which is not true for UTF-8, obviously).</p> <pre><code>&lt;?php $treat_spaces_as_chars = true; // contains hälöwrd and a space, being 8 distinct characters (7 without the space) $string = "hällö wörld"; // remove spaces if we don't want to count them if (!$treat_spaces_as_chars) { $string = preg_replace('/\s+/u', '', $string); } // split into characters (not bytes, like explode() or str_split() would) $characters = preg_split('//u', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); // throw out the duplicates $unique_characters = array_unique($characters); // count what's left $numer_of_characters = count($unique_characters); </code></pre> <p>If you want to throw out all non-word characters:</p> <pre><code>&lt;?php $ignore_non_word_characters = true; // contains hälöwrd and PIE, as this is treated as a word character (Greek) $string = "h,ä*+l•π‘°’lö wörld"; // remove spaces if we don't want to count them if ($ignore_non_word_characters) { $string = preg_replace('/\W+/u', '', $string); } // split into characters (not bytes, like explode() or str_split() would) $characters = preg_split('//u', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); // throw out the duplicates $unique_characters = array_unique($characters); // count what's left $numer_of_characters = count($unique_characters); var_dump($characters, $unique_characters, $numer_of_characters); </code></pre>
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    1. COCorrect, and I am dealing with UTF-8! I edited my original question.
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    2. COThis solution works, event with UTF-8 strings. Thanks rodney!
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    3. COI just added another example that ignores all non-characters (punctuation and stuff), you're likely not counting those either.
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