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    <p>Unfortunately your operating system's pathname API is another "binary interface" where you will have to use <code>Encode::encode</code> and <code>Encode::decode</code> to get predictable results.</p> <p>Most operating systems treat pathnames as a sequence of octets (i.e. bytes). Whether that sequence should be interpreted as latin-1, UTF-8 or other character encoding is an application decision. Consequently the value returned by <code>readdir()</code> is simply a sequence of octets, and <code>File::Find</code> doesn't know that you want the path name as Unicode code points. It forms <code>$File::Find::name</code> by simply concatenating the directory path (which you supplied) with the value returned by your OS via <code>readdir()</code>, and that's how you got code points mashed with octets.</p> <p>Rule of thumb: Whenever passing path names to the OS, <code>Encode::encode()</code> it to make sure it is a sequence of octets. When getting a path name from the OS, <code>Encode::decode()</code> it to the character set that your application wants it in.</p> <p>You can make your program work by calling <code>find</code> this way:</p> <pre><code>find( sub { ... }, Encode::encode('utf8', 'Delibes, Léo') ); </code></pre> <p>And then calling <code>Encode::decode()</code> when using the value of <code>$File::Find::name</code>:</p> <pre><code>my $path = Encode::decode('utf8', $File::Find::name); </code></pre> <p>To be more clear, this is how <code>$File::Find::name</code> was formed:</p> <pre><code>use Encode; # This is a way to get $dir to be represented as a UTF-8 string my $dir = 'L' .chr(233).'o'.chr(256); chop $dir; say "dir: ", d($dir); # length = 3 # This is what readdir() is returning: my $leaf = encode('utf8', 'Lakem' . chr(233)); say "leaf: ", d($leaf); # length = 7 $File::Find::name = $dir . '/' . $leaf; say "File::Find::name: ", d($File::Find::name); sub d { join(' ', map { sprintf("%02X", ord($_)) } split('', $_[0])) } </code></pre>
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    1. COWork the file test operators like `-f` with decoded or encoded file names?
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    2. COThe file test operators also need octets
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