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    <p>The correct solution is the <code>ToUnicode</code> WinAPI function:</p> <pre><code>[DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern int ToUnicode(uint virtualKeyCode, uint scanCode, byte[] keyboardState, [Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr, SizeConst = 64)] StringBuilder receivingBuffer, int bufferSize, uint flags); </code></pre> <p>One way to wrap this into a sensible, convenient method would be:</p> <pre><code>static string GetCharsFromKeys(Keys keys, bool shift, bool altGr) { var buf = new StringBuilder(256); var keyboardState = new byte[256]; if (shift) keyboardState[(int) Keys.ShiftKey] = 0xff; if (altGr) { keyboardState[(int) Keys.ControlKey] = 0xff; keyboardState[(int) Keys.Menu] = 0xff; } WinAPI.ToUnicode((uint) keys, 0, keyboardState, buf, 256, 0); return buf.ToString(); } </code></pre> <p>Now we can retrieve characters and actually get the expected results:</p> <pre><code>Console.WriteLine(GetCharsFromKeys(Keys.E, false, false)); // prints e Console.WriteLine(GetCharsFromKeys(Keys.E, true, false)); // prints E // Assuming British keyboard layout: Console.WriteLine(GetCharsFromKeys(Keys.E, false, true)); // prints é Console.WriteLine(GetCharsFromKeys(Keys.E, true, true)); // prints É </code></pre> <p>It is also possible to use <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646322%28VS.85%29.aspx" rel="noreferrer"><code>ToUnicodeEx</code></a> to retrieve the characters for a keyboard layout that is not the currently active one. The signature is the same except for one extra parameter, the input locale ID, which can be retrieved using the <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646305%28v=VS.85%29.aspx" rel="noreferrer"><code>LoadKeyboardLayout</code></a> function.</p>
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    1. POHow to convert a virtual-key code to a character according to the current keyboard layout?
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    1. POHow to convert a virtual-key code to a character according to the current keyboard layout?
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    1. COWinAPI.ToUnicode((uint) Keys.E, 0, keyboardState, buf, 256, 0); Why Keys.E??
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    2. CO[Thanks, fixed.](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/700)
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