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    <p><code>www.example.com</code> and <code>example.com</code> can be completely different hosts with different websites, etc.; it is only by convention that they typically point at the same host. When you visit either one, the process goes like this (http://www.example.com/ used as example):</p> <ol> <li>Your browser asks its DNS resolver what the IP address of <code>www.example.com</code> is. The resolver tells it that the IP is <code>1.2.3.4</code>.</li> <li>Your browser connects to <code>1.2.3.4</code> on TCP port 80 (the default for HTTP), and asks for the path <code>/</code> for the host <code>www.example.com</code> (given in the Host header). The web server returns the document requested.</li> <li>Your browser repeats the above as necessary to fetch any resources (images, scripts, etc.) needed for the page and renders the page.</li> </ol> <p>Note that the DNS server could return different IP addresses for the different hostnames, or the web server could reply with a different page for each hostname. They typically do not to reduce user confusion, but it is possible.</p> <p>It is likely that one is faster than the other because the IP address and resources for one are already <em>cached</em>; that is, they have been stored from a previous attempt to access the page, so the browser knows that it does not need to fetch them again.</p> <p>It is for this and other reasons (e.g. search engine optimization, as g_thorn suggests) that it is often advisable to choose one canonical hostname to use, but there is no intrinsic advantage to either one.</p>
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