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    <p>You can't ORDER BY the ROW_NUMBER directly: I don't know why you didn't get an error on this case, but normally you would. Hence the use of derived tables or CTEs</p> <pre><code>SELECT name, number FROM ( SELECT name, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY name) as number, AVG(mark) OVER (PARTITION BY name) AS nameavg FROM table ) foo ORDER BY nameavg, number </code></pre> <p>However, PARTITION BY name ORDER BY name is meaningless. Each partition has random order because the sort <em>is</em> the partition</p> <p>I suspect you want something like this where ROW_NUMBER is based on AVG</p> <pre><code>SELECT name, number FROM ( SELECT name, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY nameavg) AS number FROM ( SELECT name, AVG(mark) OVER (PARTITION BY name) AS nameavg FROM table ) foo ) bar ORDER BY number </code></pre> <p>Or more traditionally (but name is collapsed for the average)</p> <pre><code>SELECT name, number FROM ( SELECT name, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY nameavg) AS number FROM ( SELECT name, AVG(mark) AS nameavg FROM table GROUP BY name ) foo ) bar ORDER BY number </code></pre> <p>You can <em>maybe</em> collapse the derived foo and bar into one with </p> <pre><code>ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY name ORDER BY AVG(mark)) </code></pre> <p>But <em>none</em> of this makes sense: I understand that your question is abstract about <em>how</em> it works bit it is unclear question. It would make more sense if you described what you want in plain English and with sample input and output</p>
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    1. COsome good guy make the example of my query http://data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/q/107997/ . He just added few fields, but there query can be edited. There it also don't get any errors
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    2. CONote that the statement "You can't ORDER BY the ROW_NUMBER directly" is not exactly correct. You can order by the column alias without using a sub-query.
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    3. CO@beach: correct. I was thinking of "WHERE"
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