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    <p>It's a technique called recursion. This particular function descends into the structure until it is dealing with very simple data and sanitizes it all. </p> <p>Given this:</p> <pre><code>$arr = array ( '&lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' ), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); </code></pre> <p>It would start:</p> <ol> <li>is arr an array? <ol> <li>is <code>&lt;foo</code> an array? (no) <ul> <li><code>&lt;foo</code> becomes <code>&amp;lt;foo</code></li> <li><code>&amp;lt;foo</code> used as a key</li> </ul></li> <li>is the value of <code>&lt;foo</code> an array? (yes) <ol> <li>Is bat an array? (no) <ul> <li><code>bat</code> remains as is (still has htmlspecialchars called, but it does not change anything))</li> </ul></li> <li>Is <code>'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!'</code> an array (no)? <ul> <li><code>'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!'</code> is converted to <code>'OMGWTFBBQ!!&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!?!'</code></li> <li><code>'OMGWTFBBQ!!&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!?!'</code> is used for the value for bat.</li> </ul></li> </ol></li> <li>Is 'bar' an array? (no) <ol> <li><code>bar</code> returned as is (like bat above)</li> <li>Is baz an array? (no) <ul> <li><code>baz</code> returned as is.</li> </ul></li> </ol></li> </ol></li> </ol> <p>You can think of it this way</p> <pre><code>$arr = array ( '&lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' ), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( clean('&lt;foo') =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' ), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; clean( array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' )), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; array( clean( 'bat' ) =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' )), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; clean( 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&gt;&lt;!?!' ) )), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!?!' )), clean( 'bar' ) =&gt; 'baz' ); /////////////////////////////////////////// array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!?!' )), 'bar' =&gt; clean( 'baz' ) ); /////////////////////////////////////////// return array ( '&amp;lt;foo' =&gt; array( 'bat' =&gt; 'OMGWTFBBQ!!&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!?!' )), 'bar' =&gt; 'baz' ); </code></pre>
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    1. COok.. kinda understand. can you explain this: so when '<foo' enters $data[$this->clean($key)] and the function is called again it skips the for loop, enters the else then $data is returned. so how is it iterated? can you explain in sudo code the process of step 1.1
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    2. COI added a more explicit step-by-step of how the data looks. Hopefully that will be enough.
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    3. COgreat, know i understand thanks!
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