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    <p>I'm pretty sure I have already done what you are trying to achieve here. The trick is to define the unique, key and keyref constraints at a higher level (srs element in your case). Here is some code sample which checks the "requires" elements have been defined in an item/@name :</p> <p>Note how the constraints are defined at the items level.</p> <pre><code>&lt;xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified"&gt; &lt;xs:element name="item"&gt; &lt;xs:complexType&gt; &lt;xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:element ref="special" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt; &lt;xs:element ref="requires" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt; &lt;/xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="mana" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="life" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="manaRegen" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="hitRegen" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="damage" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="armor" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="attackSpeed" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="moveSpeed" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="str" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="agi" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="int" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="cost" type="xs:int" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="image"/&gt; &lt;/xs:complexType&gt; &lt;/xs:element&gt; &lt;xs:element name="items"&gt; &lt;xs:complexType&gt; &lt;xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:element ref="shop" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt; &lt;/xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="version" type="xs:string"/&gt; &lt;/xs:complexType&gt; &lt;xs:unique name="uniqueItemNames"&gt; &lt;xs:selector xpath="shop/item"/&gt; &lt;xs:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xs:unique&gt; &lt;xs:unique name="uniqueShopNames"&gt; &lt;xs:selector xpath="shop"/&gt; &lt;xs:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xs:unique&gt; &lt;xs:key name="itemKey"&gt; &lt;xs:selector xpath="shop/item"/&gt; &lt;xs:field xpath="@name"/&gt; &lt;/xs:key&gt; &lt;xs:keyref name="requiresValue" refer="itemKey"&gt; &lt;xs:selector xpath="shop/item/requires"/&gt; &lt;xs:field xpath="."/&gt; &lt;/xs:keyref&gt; &lt;/xs:element&gt; &lt;xs:element name="requires" type="xs:string"/&gt; &lt;xs:element name="shop"&gt; &lt;xs:complexType&gt; &lt;xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:element ref="item" maxOccurs="unbounded"/&gt; &lt;/xs:sequence&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/&gt; &lt;/xs:complexType&gt; &lt;/xs:element&gt; &lt;xs:simpleType name="specialType"&gt; &lt;xs:restriction base="xs:string"&gt; &lt;xs:enumeration value="Activate"/&gt; &lt;xs:enumeration value="Aura"/&gt; &lt;xs:enumeration value="Effect"/&gt; &lt;xs:enumeration value="Orb"/&gt; &lt;xs:enumeration value="Info"/&gt; &lt;/xs:restriction&gt; &lt;/xs:simpleType&gt; &lt;xs:element name="special"&gt; &lt;xs:complexType&gt; &lt;xs:simpleContent&gt; &lt;xs:extension base="xs:string"&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="type" type="specialType" use="required"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="mana" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="cooldown" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;xs:attribute name="chance" type="xs:int"/&gt; &lt;/xs:extension&gt; &lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt; &lt;/xs:complexType&gt; &lt;/xs:element&gt; &lt;/xs:schema&gt; </code></pre> <p>XML Sample :</p> <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt; &lt;items xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="dota.xsd" version="6.52d"&gt; &lt;shop name="Leragas The Vile"&gt; &lt;item name="Demon's Edge" image="FrostMourne.gif" cost="2600" damage="36"/&gt; &lt;item name="Eaglehorn" image="INV_Weapon_Bow_06.gif" cost="3300" agi="25"/&gt; &lt;item name="Messerschmidt's Reaver" image="SpiritWalkerMasterTraining.gif" cost="3200" str="25"/&gt; &lt;item name="Sacred Relic" image="StaffOfTeleportation.gif" cost="3800" damage="60"/&gt; &lt;item name="Hyperstone" image="Periapt1.gif" cost="2100" attackSpeed="55"/&gt; &lt;item name="Ring of Health" image="GoldRing.gif" cost="875" hitRegen="5"/&gt; &lt;item name="Void Stone" image="Periapt.gif" cost="875" manaRegen="100"/&gt; &lt;item name="Mystic Staff" image="StaffOfNegation.gif" cost="2700" int="25"/&gt; &lt;item name="Energy Booster" image="EnchantedGemstone.gif" cost="1000" mana="250"/&gt; &lt;item name="Point Booster" image="UsedSoulGem.gif" cost="1200" life="200" mana="150"/&gt; &lt;item name="Vitality Booster" image="SoulGem.gif" cost="1100" life="250"/&gt; &lt;/shop&gt; &lt;shop name="Level 1 (Human) Recipes"&gt; &lt;item name="Perseverance" image="OrbOfFire.gif" cost="0" damage="10" hitRegen="5" manaRegen="125"&gt; &lt;requires&gt;Ring of Health&lt;/requires&gt; &lt;requires&gt;Void Stone&lt;/requires&gt; &lt;/item&gt; &lt;item name="Headdress of Rejuvenation" image="INV_Helmet_17.gif" cost="225" agi="2" int="2" str="2"&gt; &lt;special type="Aura"&gt;+2 HP/Sec regen (500 AoE)&lt;/special&gt; &lt;requires&gt;Ring of Regeneration&lt;/requires&gt; &lt;requires&gt;Ironwood Branch&lt;/requires&gt; &lt;/item&gt; &lt;/shop&gt; &lt;/items&gt; </code></pre>
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