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    <p>You can use <code>getopts</code>, but I don't like it because it's complicated to use and it doesn't support long option names (not the POSIX version anyway).</p> <p>I recommend against using environment variables. There's just too much risk of name collision. For example, if your script reacts differently depending on the value of the <code>ARCH</code> environment variable, and it executes another script that (unbeknownst to you) also reacts to the <code>ARCH</code> environment variable, then you probably have a hard-to-find bug that only shows up occasionally.</p> <p>This is the pattern I use:</p> <pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>#!/bin/sh usage() { cat &lt;&lt;EOF Usage: $0 [options] [--] [file...] Arguments: -h, --help Display this usage message and exit. -f &lt;val&gt;, --foo &lt;val&gt;, --foo=&lt;val&gt; Documentation goes here. -b &lt;val&gt;, --bar &lt;val&gt;, --bar=&lt;val&gt; Documentation goes here. -- Treat the remaining arguments as file names. Useful if the first file name might begin with '-'. file... Optional list of file names. If the first file name in the list begins with '-', it will be treated as an option unless it comes after the '--' option. EOF } # handy logging and error handling functions log() { printf '%s\n' "$*"; } error() { log "ERROR: $*" &gt;&amp;2; } fatal() { error "$*"; exit 1; } usage_fatal() { error "$*"; usage &gt;&amp;2; exit 1; } # parse options foo="foo default value goes here" bar="bar default value goes here" while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do arg=$1 case $1 in # convert "--opt=the value" to --opt "the value". # the quotes around the equals sign is to work around a # bug in emacs' syntax parsing --*'='*) shift; set -- "${arg%%=*}" "${arg#*=}" "$@"; continue;; -f|--foo) shift; foo=$1;; -b|--bar) shift; bar=$1;; -h|--help) usage; exit 0;; --) shift; break;; -*) usage_fatal "unknown option: '$1'";; *) break;; # reached the list of file names esac shift || usage_fatal "option '${arg}' requires a value" done # arguments are now the file names </code></pre>
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