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    <p>Java strings are UTF-16. All other encodings can be represented using byte sequences. To decode character data, you must provide the encoding when you first create the string. If you have a corrupted string, it is already too late.</p> <p>Assuming ID3, the specifications define the rules for encoding. For example, <a href="http://www.id3.org/id3v2.4.0-structure" rel="nofollow">ID3v2.4.0</a> might restrict the encodings used via an extended header:</p> <blockquote> <p>q - Text encoding restrictions</p> <pre><code> 0 No restrictions 1 Strings are only encoded with ISO-8859-1 [ISO-8859-1] or UTF-8 [UTF-8]. </code></pre> </blockquote> <p>Encoding handling is defined further down the document:</p> <blockquote> <p>If nothing else is said, strings, including numeric strings and URLs, are represented as ISO-8859-1 characters in the range $20 - $FF. Such strings are represented in frame descriptions as <code>&lt;text string&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;full text string&gt;</code> if newlines are allowed. If nothing else is said newline character is forbidden. In ISO-8859-1 a newline is represented, when allowed, with $0A only.</p> <p>Frames that allow different types of text encoding contains a text encoding description byte. Possible encodings:</p> <pre><code> $00 ISO-8859-1 [ISO-8859-1]. Terminated with $00. $01 UTF-16 [UTF-16] encoded Unicode [UNICODE] with BOM. All strings in the same frame SHALL have the same byteorder. Terminated with $00 00. $02 UTF-16BE [UTF-16] encoded Unicode [UNICODE] without BOM. Terminated with $00 00. $03 UTF-8 [UTF-8] encoded Unicode [UNICODE]. Terminated with $00. </code></pre> </blockquote> <p>Use transcoding classes like <code>InputStreamReader</code> or (more likely in this case) the <a href="http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#String%28byte%5B%5D,%20java.nio.charset.Charset%29" rel="nofollow"><code>String(byte[],Charset)</code></a> constructor to decode the data. See also <a href="http://illegalargumentexception.blogspot.com/2009/05/java-rough-guide-to-character-encoding.html" rel="nofollow">Java: a rough guide to character encoding</a>.</p> <hr> <p>Parsing the string components of an ID3v2.4.0 data structure would something like this:</p> <pre><code>//untested code public String parseID3String(DataInputStream in) throws IOException { String[] encodings = { "ISO-8859-1", "UTF-16", "UTF-16BE", "UTF-8" }; String encoding = encodings[in.read()]; byte[] terminator = encoding.startsWith("UTF-16") ? new byte[2] : new byte[1]; byte[] buf = terminator.clone(); ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); do { in.readFully(buf); buffer.write(buf); } while (!Arrays.equals(terminator, buf)); return new String(buffer.toByteArray(), encoding); } </code></pre>
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