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    <p>The <code>-providerName</code> option requires a <em>provider name</em> ("BC", in this case), not a <em>class name</em>. An alternative option, <code>-providerClass</code>, does require a class name, and it is useful when the provider isn't registered in the <code>java.security</code> file.</p> <p>When you register a provider "programatically", it is only temporary. Your program must re-register its provider each time it runs. You won't be able to use this approach if your goal is to make BouncyCastle available to <code>keytool</code>.</p> <p>Since you've already installed the provider (by putting the archive in <code>lib/ext</code> and listing it in <code>java.security</code>), using the <code>-providerName BC</code> option is probably the easiest solution. Alternatively, you can use the <code>-providerClass org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider</code> option.</p> <p>By the way, you should not use the <code>CLASSPATH</code> environment variable. Libraries in <code>lib/ext</code> are on the class path already.</p> <p>If, after correcting the options, you still get a <code>NoSuchProviderException</code> (using <code>-providerName</code>) or <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> (using <code>-providerClass</code>), verify that you are using the right copy of <code>keytool</code>. That is, when executing, specify the full path of <code>keytool</code>, rather than relying on your <code>PATH</code> variable. Make sure that the path refers to the JRE into which BouncyCastle was installed. It isn't uncommon for a system to have multiple JREs and JDKs.</p>
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