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POExceptions and error codes: mixing them the right way
 

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    <p>I am developing a C++ dongle communication library. The library would provide an unified interface to communicate with a range of remote code execution dongles like SenseLock, KEYLOK, Guardant Code.</p> <p>The dongles are based on a smart card technology and have an internal file system and RAM.</p> <p>A typical operation routine involves (1) enumeration of dongles connected to the USB ports, (2) connection to a dongle selected, (3) execution of the named module passing input and collecting output data.</p> <p>Well, it is trivial that all of these stages can end up with an error. There can be many cases, but the most general are:</p> <ul> <li>A dongle is not found (sure a fatal case).</li> <li>A dongle connection failure (a fatal case).</li> <li>The execution module specified is not found within the dongle (?).</li> <li>The operation requested failed due to timeout (?).</li> <li>The operation requested needs authorization (a recoverable case I suppose).</li> <li>A memory error occurred while executing a module in a dongle (sure a fatal case).</li> <li>A file system error occurred in a dongle (sure a fatal case).</li> </ul> <p><em>? - I don't know yet if the case is considered fatal or not.</em></p> <p>I am still deciding whether to throw exceptions, to return an error codes, or to implement a methods for both cases.</p> <p><strong>The questions are:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Do exceptions replace the error codes completely or maybe I need to use them only for "fatal cases"?</li> <li>Is mixing two paradigms (exceptions and error codes) considered a good idea?</li> <li>Is it good idea to provide user with two conceptions?</li> <li>Are there any good examples of the exceptions and error codes mixing conception?</li> <li>How would you implement this?</li> </ol> <h2>Update 1.</h2> <p>It would be interesting to see more opinions from different perspectives, so I decided to add a 100 reputation bounty to the question.</p>
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    1. CORefer this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1849490/c-arguments-for-exceptions-over-return-codes
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    2. COMore general info on how to use exceptions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1989819/theory-on-error-handling
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    3. COIs there a *universal* retry process for the dongles, such as "delete all temporary data on the dongle, reset dongle, and try same operation again"?
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