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    <p>Most of what you're talking about are embedded based systems where C is a luxury often not available. They don't have software in the traditional sense. Most of the time the software is written in C, assembly, or even machine code. C and ASM require compilers to be written to use them for that platform. Machine code is written as binary w/o a compiler. </p> <p>Your coffee pot and most simple systems like that don't carry an operating system. They simply load from a start address in memory and you put your code there. Often these systems have their "code" burned into EEPROMS that act as the hard drive of the system. Screw up the code after burning the proms, <strike>throw the chips away</strike> reburn the code on the chip, and start over. There are newer chips FPGA that higher end devices use to make testing, deploying, etc easier, but they are the same thing. </p> <p>Coca-cola machines, routers, etc. typically use a realtime OS like QNX, EMBOS, or sometimes RTlinux if you're lucky. Most of these are proprietary OS you license for lots of money, but they have C compilers, drivers to work with hardware, etc.</p> <p><a href="http://www.qnx.com/" rel="noreferrer">http://www.qnx.com/</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.segger.com/cms/embos.html" rel="noreferrer">http://www.segger.com/cms/embos.html</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windowsembedded/en-us/campaigns/compact7/default.aspx?WT.srch=1&amp;WT.mc_ID=SEARCH" rel="noreferrer">http://www.microsoft.com/windowsembedded/en-us/campaigns/compact7/default.aspx?WT.srch=1&amp;WT.mc_ID=SEARCH</a></p> <p>RTLinux</p>
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    1. POHow are everyday machines programmed?
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    1. COThank you! I've chosen yours as the best answer since you directly addressed everything in my question. A special thank you for pointing me toward many examples with links.
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      1. USJosh Leitzel
    2. COPeople coding in binary? Assemblers are so stupidly simple to write I find that hard to believe. Do you have a source for this? Also, this answer gives the false impression that all systems contain a microprocessor which runs code. Though this is becoming more popular as microcontrollers and EEPROM (which make debugging and upgrading easier) become cheaper, it is still not worth it for very cheap systems, or systems which have not changed much over the last 20 years. For example, some digital watches.
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      1. USBlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft
    3. COThis is simply too strongly stated. You don't need to host the compiler on the target. Cross-compilers are *very* common in embedded programming.
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      1. USdmckee
 

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