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    <p>Very sipmly put with a <strong>little story</strong>: </p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Client</strong> : <em>(Connects to the server and, sticks out it's hand)</em> "Hello! Here are my encryption details." </p> <p><strong>Server</strong> : (Takes hand of the client) "Hello. Here are my encryption details. Here is my certificate." (Handshake negotiation complete. Client check the cerificate)</p> <p><strong>Client</strong> : Great, here's my key! So from now on everything is encrypted using this key. OK?</p> <p><strong>Server</strong> : OK! (SSL Handshake complete)</p> <p><strong>Client</strong> : Great, Here comes my data over HTTP!!</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_certificates" rel="noreferrer">Certificates</a> are used in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#TLS_handshake_in_detail" rel="noreferrer">SSL handshake</a>. The certificate that the server hands to the client is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request" rel="noreferrer">signed</a> by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority" rel="noreferrer">Certificate Authority</a> (CA) like VeriSign and is specific to the server. There are various checks that happens in the SSL handshake. One of the important ones to know about is the <strong>Common Name</strong> attribute of the certificate must match the host / DNS name of the server.</p> <p>The client has a copy of the CA's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate" rel="noreferrer">public certificate (key)</a> and can thus use it (calculate with SHA1 for example) to see if the server's certificate is still ok.</p>
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