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    <p>Nothing about these file extensions is set in stone; as you said, they can even be omitted, or you can make up your own. However, it makes life far easier if you use the conventional ones.</p> <p>I've never seen the <code>.src</code> extension. The directory where the source files are located is often referred to as <code>./src</code>; maybe you've seen this.<br> Usually, the source code (plain text) is in a file with extension <code>.f</code> or <code>.f90</code>. The first one indicates fixed source form ("old style"), and the second one free source form ("modern"). Some compilers interpret uppercase file extensions (<code>.F</code> and <code>.F90</code>) as an indication that the source has to be run through the preprocessor first. Instead of letting the compiler use the extensions for these interpretations, all this can also be explicitly stated/overruled by passing flags to the compiler.</p> <p>Compilation of the source code produces object code (the machine-specific instructions you mention), contained in an object file, usually with <code>.o</code> as extension (sometimes <code>.obj</code>, or other). After creating the object files, you could indeed throw away your source code files, but you don't want to do that. You want to fix any bugs you most likely made, and also keep them for future alterations to your program.</p> <p>The object code has to be linked to produce the final executable. If you have more than one object file, they are tied together, with inclusion of any system/external library code you referred to. On Unix, if you don't specify a name for the executable, the default name it gets is usually <code>a.out</code>. Again, you can overrule this by passing an argument to the compiler.</p>
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