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POx86 Assembly pushl/popl don't work with "Error: suffix or operands invalid"
 

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  1. POx86 Assembly pushl/popl don't work with "Error: suffix or operands invalid"
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    <p>I'm a newbie to assembly programming, working through <a href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/pgubook/">Programming Ground Up</a> on an Ubuntu x86_64 desktop with GNU assembler v2.20.1.</p> <p>I've been able to assemble/link execute my code, up until I get to using pushl/popl instructions for manipulating the stack. The following code fails to assemble:</p> <pre><code> .section .data # empty .section .text .globl _start _start: pushl $1 # push the value 1 onto the stack popl %eax # pop 1 off the stack and into the %eax register int $0x80 # exit the program with exit code '1' </code></pre> <p>Using "as test.s -o test.o", these errors appear on the terminal and test.o is not created:</p> <pre><code>test.s: Assembler messages: test.s:9: Error: suffix or operands invalid for 'push' test.s:10: Error: suffix or operands invalid for 'popl' </code></pre> <p>I've checked the documentation, and the operands I'm using for pushl and popl are valid. This isn't exactly a debugging question--so what's wrong with my code? Or is it my assembler?</p>
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    1. USCiro Santilli 新疆改造中心 六四事件 法轮功
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    1. COThis looks like 32 bit code but you're trying to assemble for 64 bit (default on x86_64). Pass an appropriate flag to as to build as 32 bit, e.g. `as -arch i386 ...`
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    2. COI believe Paul has the right answer. You probably need --32 to as.
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      1. USPeter Huene
    3. COI mention the textbook I'm using to learn x86 assembly (_Programming Ground Up_ seems to be a popular, free one)--is there a similarly popular textbook for x86/64bit (free's not that important) that you'd recommend for newbies? I realize this may be much too big a question to be asking here, but what's the difference between 32bit and 64bit as a first experience with assembly programming?
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