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    <p>That code is doing three things:</p> <ol> <li>Using <em>object literal syntax</em> to create object instances</li> <li>Using <em>anonymous function expressions</em> to create functions and bind them to properties on the objects. (Functions are first-class objects in JavaScript, so you can keep references to them, pass the references around, etc.)</li> <li>Specifically, it's overriding two standard functions that all JavaScript objects inherit from the <code>Object</code> prototype.</li> </ol> <p>Let's break it down a bit.</p> <p>1) Object literal notation:</p> <pre><code>var obj = {propName: propValue}; </code></pre> <p>The <code>{</code> and <code>}</code> in this case denote an <em>object literal</em>. Within an object literal, you can write <code>propName: propValue</code> to assign <code>propValue</code> to the property with the name <code>propName</code> on the object. This is the same as:</p> <pre><code>var obj = {}; // Get an empty object obj.propName = propValue; // Add a property to it </code></pre> <p>You can do multiple properties separated with commas. So for instance:</p> <pre><code>var obj = { author: "Douglas Adams", title: "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", answer: 42 }; </code></pre> <p>That creates an object with three properties, two with string values and one with a number value.</p> <p>Note that the right-hand side are processed just like an assignment, and so can be anything that can appear on the right-hand side of an assignment statement:</p> <pre><code>var x = "bar"; var obj = { three: 1 + 2, fubar: "foo " + x }; </code></pre> <p>The property names can be put in quotes if you like:</p> <pre><code>var x = "bar"; var obj = { "three": 1 + 2, "fubar": "foo " + x }; </code></pre> <p>...which is handy for specifying properties that have the names of reserved tokens (like "if", or "return") or formerly-reserved tokens (like "class") where it would be a syntax error if they weren't in quotes.</p> <p>2) Now let's look at function expressions:</p> <pre><code>var f = function() { /* your code here */ }; </code></pre> <p>That's a function expression. It creates a new function and assigns a reference to it to the variable <code>f</code>. You can call it by calling <code>f()</code>.</p> <pre><code>var f = function(name) { alert("Hi " + name); }; f("Fred"); // alerts "Hi Fred" </code></pre> <p>1 + 2) So putting it together with object literal notation:</p> <pre><code>var obj = { foo: function(name) { alert("Hi " + name); } }; obj.foo("Fred"); // alerts "Hi Fred" </code></pre> <p>(I don't like anonymous functions, <a href="http://blog.niftysnippets.org/2010/03/anonymouses-anonymous.html" rel="nofollow">I prefer my functions to have names</a>, but that's another topic.)</p> <p>3) And finally: As maerics pointed out, the specific functions that are being used in that code are <code>toString</code> and <code>toLocaleString</code>, both of which are standard functions of JavaScript objects. That means that those will <em>override</em> the standard version and so return the given values whenever the standard function would have been called.</p>
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