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    <p><strong>I would do it this way</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:strip-space elements="*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:key name="kPreceding" match="para" use="generate-id(following-sibling::section[1])"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node()|@*" name="identity"&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="section[preceding-sibling::para]"&gt; &lt;comment&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates mode="copy" select="key('kPreceding', generate-id())"/&gt; &lt;/comment&gt; &lt;xsl:call-template name="identity"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match= "para[following-sibling::section]"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="para" mode="copy"&gt; &lt;xsl:call-template name="identity"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>when this transformation is applied on the provided XML document:</strong></p> <pre><code>&lt;section&gt; &lt;title&gt;Main Section&lt;/title&gt; &lt;para&gt;Here is some text that is a child of a main section.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;Some more text.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;When a section has subsections, it should not have loose paragraphs before the first sub section. Those loose paras should be placed inside a comment element.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;section&gt; &lt;title&gt;This is my subsection&lt;/title&gt; &lt;para&gt;Text that is inside of the sub-section&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;And some more sub section text.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;/section&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>the wanted, correct result is produced:</strong></p> <pre><code>&lt;section&gt; &lt;title&gt;Main Section&lt;/title&gt; &lt;comment&gt; &lt;para&gt;Here is some text that is a child of a main section.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;Some more text.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;When a section has subsections, it should not have loose paragraphs before the first sub section. Those loose paras should be placed inside a comment element.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;/comment&gt; &lt;section&gt; &lt;title&gt;This is my subsection&lt;/title&gt; &lt;para&gt;Text that is inside of the sub-section&lt;/para&gt; &lt;para&gt;And some more sub section text.&lt;/para&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;/section&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Explanation</strong>:</p> <ol> <li><p>The identity rule (template) copies every node "as-is".</p></li> <li><p>The overriding template for <code>section</code> that has preceding sibling(s) <code>para</code> wraps all such siblings with a <code>comment</code> element, then calls the identity transformation on itself.</p></li> <li><p>For convenience we define a key that matches all <code>para</code> elements preceding a <code>section</code> element with a given <code>generate-id()</code>.</p></li> <li><p>The <code>para</code> elements that have a following sibling <code>section</code> are excluded from the action of the identity rule by an overriding template, that simply does nothing.</p></li> <li><p>Finally, such <code>para</code> elements, when being output within the wrapper <code>comment</code> are processed in mode <code>copy</code>, which simply calls the identity rule to do the copying.</p></li> </ol>
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    1. POMove certain nodes that are sibling of select node into a new parent node
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    1. USDimitre Novatchev
    1. USDimitre Novatchev
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    1. CO+1 This would be another posible stylesheet.
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