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    <p>Use a <a href="http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/200b/index.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">zero-width space</a> (<code>&amp;#8203;</code>) to preserve whitespace and allow the text to wrap. The basic idea is to pair each space or sequence of spaces with a zero-width space. Then replace each space with a non-breaking space. You'll also want to encode html and add line breaks.</p> <p>If you don't care about unicode characters, it's trivial. You can just use <code>string.replace()</code>:</p> <pre><code>function textToHTML(text) { return ((text || "") + "") // make sure it is a string; .replace(/&amp;/g, "&amp;amp;") .replace(/&lt;/g, "&amp;lt;") .replace(/&gt;/g, "&amp;gt;") .replace(/\t/g, " ") .replace(/ /g, "&amp;#8203;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#8203;") .replace(/\r\n|\r|\n/g, "&lt;br /&gt;"); } </code></pre> <p>If it's ok for the white space to wrap, pair each space with a zero-width space as above. Otherwise, to keep white space together, pair each <em>sequence</em> of spaces with a zero-width space:</p> <pre><code> .replace(/ /g, "&amp;nbsp;") .replace(/((&amp;nbsp;)+)/g, "&amp;#8203;$1&amp;#8203;") </code></pre> <p>To encode unicode characters, it's a little more complex. You need to iterate the string:</p> <pre><code>var charEncodings = { "\t": "&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;", " ": "&amp;nbsp;", "&amp;": "&amp;amp;", "&lt;": "&amp;lt;", "&gt;": "&amp;gt;", "\n": "&lt;br /&gt;", "\r": "&lt;br /&gt;" }; var space = /[\t ]/; var noWidthSpace = "&amp;#8203;"; function textToHTML(text) { text = (text || "") + ""; // make sure it is a string; text = text.replace(/\r\n/g, "\n"); // avoid adding two &lt;br /&gt; tags var html = ""; var lastChar = ""; for (var i in text) { var char = text[i]; var charCode = text.charCodeAt(i); if (space.test(char) &amp;&amp; !space.test(lastChar) &amp;&amp; space.test(text[i + 1] || "")) { html += noWidthSpace; } html += char in charEncodings ? charEncodings[char] : charCode &gt; 127 ? "&amp;#" + charCode + ";" : char; lastChar = char; } return html; } </code></pre> <p>Now, just a comment. Without using monospace fonts, you'll lose some formatting. Consider how these lines of text with a monospace font form columns:</p> <pre><code>ten seven spaces eleven four spaces </code></pre> <p>Without the monospaced font, you will lose the columns:</p> <p>&nbsp;ten&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seven spaces<br> &nbsp;eleven&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four spaces</p> <p>It seems that the algorithm to fix that would be very complex.</p>
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    1. PORendering Plaintext as HTML maintaining whitespace – without <pre>
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    1. COWow, thanks. I’ll try this out soon. Questions: What was your comment about “If you don’t care about Unicode?” (I do, generally, very much so.) The monospace bit is of course true, though the plaintext source I have is actually already assumed to be displayable in variable-width fonts.
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    2. CO@Alan - In order to escape unicode characters such as `ñ`, you need to use their character codes (ie, `&#241;`). It isn't feesible to get at the character code from within a call to `replace()`, so the string has to be iterated to deal with the characters one by one.
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    3. COAh, thanks for clarifying. I am not sure those entities are necessary, though. Assuming everything is already in UTF-8, using the header `Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8` should be enough.
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