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    <blockquote> <p>The error message says it all, actually. You can keep your function definition in the implementation file, but you need to declare it in the namespace first:</p> </blockquote> <pre><code>namespace my_namespace { std::ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (std::ostream&amp; out, my_type t); } </code></pre> <p>The C++ standard is quite clear about this: </p> <blockquote> <p>7.3.1.2/3:</p> <p>Every name first declared in a namespace is a member of that namespace. If a friend declaration in a non-local class first declares a class or function the friend class or function is a member of the innermost enclosing namespace. The name of the friend is not found by simple name lookup until a matching declaration is provided in that namespace scope (either before or after the class declaration granting friendship). If a friend function is called, its name may be found by the name lookup that considers functions from namespaces and classes associated with the types of the function arguments (3.4.2). When looking for a prior declaration of a class or a function declared as a friend, and when the name of the friend class or function is neither a qualified name nor a template-id, scopes outside the innermost enclosing namespace scope are not considered. .</p> </blockquote> <p>The following link puts it more simply, and adds a few examples: <a href="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/comphelp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.xlcpp8a.doc/language/ref/cplr043.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/comphelp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.xlcpp8a.doc/language/ref/cplr043.htm</a></p> <p><strike>So I'd say that gcc is wrong here.</strike>. The relevant sentence seems to be "<strong>The name of the friend is not found by simple name lookup until a matching declaration is provided in that namespace scope (either before or after the class declaration granting friendship)</strong>.</p>
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    1. USDaniel Gehriger
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    1. COIt is already declared in namespace (in header file), isn't it?
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    2. CONo: "The name of a friend function or class first introduced in a friend declaration is not in the scope of the class granting friendship. The name of a function first introduced in a friend declaration is in the scope of the first nonclass scope that contains the enclosing class." (http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/comphelp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.xlcpp8a.doc/language/ref/cplr043.htm)
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    3. CO...which means that you are right... Just a question: you did actually include your header file in the source file, right? And there was a `;` after the closing `};` of the class declaration?
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