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    <p><strong>This transformation</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"&gt; &lt;xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/&gt; &lt;xsl:strip-space elements="*"/&gt; &lt;xsl:key name="kListGroup" match="list" use="generate-id( preceding-sibling::node()[not(self::list)][1] )"/&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="node()|@*"&gt; &lt;xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="node()[1]|@*"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:copy&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select= "following-sibling::node()[1]"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match= "list[preceding-sibling::node()[1][not(self::list)]]"&gt; &lt;ol&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates mode="listgroup" select= "key('kListGroup', generate-id(preceding-sibling::node()[1]) ) [not(@level) or @level = 1] "/&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates select= "following-sibling::node()[not(self::list)][1]"/&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;xsl:template match="list" mode="listgroup"&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;xsl:value-of select="."/&gt; &lt;xsl:variable name="vNext" select= "following-sibling::list [not(@level &gt; current()/@level)][1] | following-sibling::node()[not(self::list)][1] "/&gt; &lt;xsl:variable name="vNextLevel" select= "following-sibling::list [@level = current()/@level +1] [generate-id(following-sibling::list [not(@level &gt; current()/@level)][1] | following-sibling::node()[not(self::list)][1] ) = generate-id($vNext) ] "/&gt; &lt;xsl:if test="$vNextLevel"&gt; &lt;ol&gt; &lt;xsl:apply-templates mode="listgroup" select="$vNextLevel"/&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/xsl:if&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/xsl:template&gt; &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>when applied on this XML document (intentionally complicated to show that the solution works in many edge cases)</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;root&gt; &lt;h1&gt;text&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;1.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;1.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;1.2.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;1.2.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="3"&gt;1.2.2.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;1.3&lt;/list&gt; &lt;p&gt;text&lt;/p&gt; &lt;list&gt;2.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list&gt;2.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;h2&gt;text&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h1&gt;text&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;3.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;3.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;3.2.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;3.2.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="3"&gt;3.2.2.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="1"&gt;3.3&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;3.3.1&lt;/list&gt; &lt;list level="2"&gt;3.3.2&lt;/list&gt; &lt;p&gt;text&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/root&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>produces the wanted, correct result</strong>:</p> <pre><code>&lt;root&gt; &lt;h1&gt;text&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.2&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.2.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.2.2&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.2.2.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;1.3&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;text&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;2.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;2.2&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;h2&gt;text&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h1&gt;text&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.2&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.2.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.2.2&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.2.2.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.3&lt;ol&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.3.1&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;3.3.2&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;text&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/root&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>or as displayed by the browser</strong>:</p> <p></p> <h1>text</h1> <ol> <li>1.1</li> <li>1.2<ol> <li>1.2.1</li> <li>1.2.2<ol> <li>1.2.2.1</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>1.3</li> </ol> <p>text</p> <ol> <li>2.1</li> <li>2.2</li> </ol> <h2>text</h2> <h1>text</h1> <ol> <li>3.1</li> <li>3.2<ol> <li>3.2.1</li> <li>3.2.2<ol> <li>3.2.2.1</li> </ol> </li> </ol> </li> <li>3.3<ol> <li>3.3.1</li> <li>3.3.2</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>text</p> <p></p>
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    1. POXSL to create nested list from flat tree problem
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    1. USDimitre Novatchev
    1. USDimitre Novatchev
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    1. CO@Dimitre, you at least own me an upvote for the xml sample :))
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    2. CO@Dimitre: +1 Good answer.
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    3. CO@Flack: I don't have any problem upvoting your answer, but as I commented on @Alejandro's answer, it is difficult for me to clearly decide which of our three answers is the best. People shouldn't think one answer is better than the others, when it isn't. Therefore, I will upvote you if as result all three answers will have the same number of upvotes. Of course, this is the ideal case. Let's wait a little while, then we'll see.
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      1. USDimitre Novatchev
 

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