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    <p><strong>Declarative Programming</strong>. </p> <p>In 1979 "computer programs" were imperative. The programmer was expected to instruct the compiler on both <em>what</em> to do and <em>how</em> to do it. (N1) </p> <p>Today, <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973868.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ASP.NET WebForms</a> and <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/aa663326.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">WPF</a> programmers regularly write code without knowing or caring <em>how</em> it will be implemented. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia</a> has other, less mainstream examples. Additionally, all of the <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=16387" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SGML</a>-derived "markup" languages are declarative, and I doubt many of the programmers of 1979 would have predicted their importance or ubiquity in 30 years. </p> <p>Although the <em>concept</em> of declarative programming existed before 1980 (see <a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=953064.811138" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this paper</a> from 1975), it's <em>invention</em> took place with the introduction of <a href="http://caml.inria.fr/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Caml</a> in 1985 (debatable) or <a href="http://www.haskell.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Haskell</a> in 1990 (less debatable). (N2) Since then, declarative programming has increased greatly in popularity. And, when massively multicore processors finally arrive, we'll <em>all</em> be declarative programmers.</p> <p>--<br/> <em>Notes:</em><br/> (N1) I can't vouch for this firsthand, since I was a fetus in 1979. <br/> (N2) From other answers, it seems like people are confusing conception with invention. Da Vinci conceived of a helicopter, but he didn't invent it. The question is specifically on <em>inventions</em> in computing. <br/> (N3) Please don't mention Prolog (rel. 1975) in the comments unless you have actually built an app in it. </p>
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    1. POSignificant new inventions in computing since 1980
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    1. COOracle and IBM came in 1979 with commercially available SQL databases, so the use of declarative programming is older than 1980.
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      1. UStuinstoel
    2. CODeclarative programming is a bit of an overloaded term. Declarative programming according to microsoft is usually a smart way of using XML to configure an application. Functional languages like Lisp, Scheme and Haskell allow for a different form of declarative programming.
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    3. COIvan Sutherland's Sketchpad was completely programmed declaratively and had no imperative features. And it wasn't the last declarative system done before 1980.
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      1. USAlan Kay
 

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