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  1. POHow to improve performance of this code?
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    <p>Thanks to some help from people here, I was able to get my code for Tasmanian camels puzzle working. However, it is horribly slow (I think. I'm not sure because this is my first program in Python). The example run in the bottom of the code takes a long time to be solved in my machine:</p> <pre><code>dumrat@dumrat:~/programming/python$ time python camels.py [['F', 'F', 'F', 'G', 'B', 'B', 'B'], ['F', 'F', 'G', 'F', 'B', 'B', 'B'], ['F', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'G', 'B', 'B'], ['F', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'G', 'B'], ['F', 'F', 'B', 'G', 'B', 'F', 'B'], ['F', 'G', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B'], ['G', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B'], ['B', 'F', 'G', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B'], ['B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'G', 'F', 'B'], ['B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'G'], ['B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'G', 'F'], ['B', 'F', 'B', 'G', 'B', 'F', 'F'], ['B', 'G', 'B', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'F'], ['B', 'B', 'G', 'F', 'B', 'F', 'F'], ['B', 'B', 'B', 'F', 'G', 'F', 'F']] real 0m20.883s user 0m20.549s sys 0m0.020s </code></pre> <p>Here's the code:</p> <pre><code>import Queue fCamel = 'F' bCamel = 'B' gap = 'G' def solution(formation): return len([i for i in formation[formation.index(fCamel) + 1:] if i == bCamel]) == 0 def heuristic(formation): fCamels, score = 0, 0 for i in formation: if i == fCamel: fCamels += 1; elif i == bCamel: score += fCamels; else: pass return score def getneighbors (formation): igap = formation.index(gap) res = [] # AB_CD --&gt; A_BCD | ABC_D | B_ACD | ABD_C def genn(i,j): temp = list(formation) temp[i], temp[j] = temp[j], temp[i] res.append(temp) if(igap &gt; 0): genn(igap, igap-1) if(igap &gt; 1): genn(igap, igap-2) if igap &lt; len(formation) - 1: genn(igap, igap+1) if igap &lt; len(formation) - 2: genn(igap, igap+2) return res class node: def __init__(self, a, g, p): self.arrangement = a self.g = g self.parent = p def astar (formation, heuristicf, solutionf, genneighbors): openlist = Queue.PriorityQueue() openlist.put((heuristicf(formation), node(formation, 0, None))) closedlist = [] while 1: try: f, current = openlist.get() except IndexError: current = None if current is None: print "No solution found" return None; if solutionf(current.arrangement): path = [] cp = current while cp != None: path.append(cp.arrangement) cp = cp.parent path.reverse() return path #arr = current.arrangement closedlist.append(current) neighbors = genneighbors(current.arrangement) for neighbor in neighbors: if neighbor in closedlist: pass else: openlist.put((current.g + heuristicf(neighbor), node(neighbor, current.g + 1, current))) #sorted(openlist, cmp = lambda x, y : x.f &gt; y.f) def solve(formation): return astar(formation, heuristic, solution, getneighbors) print solve([fCamel, fCamel, fCamel, gap, bCamel, bCamel, bCamel]) #print solve([fCamel, fCamel, fCamel, fCamel, gap, bCamel, bCamel, bCamel, bCamel]) </code></pre> <p>That is just for 3 camels each. I wanted to do this for 4 at least. That test case is still running (It's been about 5 minutes now :(). I'll update this if and when it finishes.</p> <p>What should I do to improve this code? (Mostly performance-wise, but any other suggestions are welcome also).</p>
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