Databases
StackOverflow2013
Postsdbo
PO
 

Note that there are some explanatory texts on larger screens.

plurals
  1. PO
    primarykey
    data
    text
    <p>By default htpasswd uses the standard <a href="http://linux.die.net/man/3/crypt" rel="nofollow noreferrer">crypt</a> function and thus passwords are already salted - note in this example that both users have the same password yet the hashes are different:</p> <pre> simon@diablo:~$ htpasswd -b -c htpasswd simon abcd Adding password for user simon simon@diablo:~$ htpasswd -b htpasswd simon2 abcd Adding password for user simon2 simon@diablo:~$ cat htpasswd simon:<b>NWvm/LCCxQ64E</b> simon2:<b>2I.LBzsRqULN6</b> </pre> <p>(note: the <code>-b</code> flag is normally discouraged because other users can see your command line arguments and hence the password)</p> <p>The first two characters of the hash are the salt; passwords are verified by calling <code>crypt()</code> again. Entering the wrong password produces a string that's unequal to the hashed password:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from crypt import crypt &gt;&gt;&gt; crypt("wrongpass", "NWvm/LCCxQ64E") 'NWbxQgX1unvso' </code></pre> <p>whereas the correct password produces the expected hash:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; crypt("abcd", "NWvm/LCCxQ64E") 'NWvm/LCCxQ64E' </code></pre> <p><code>htpasswd -m</code> uses a different algorithm that's MD5-based and uses a longer salt:</p> <pre> simon@diablo:~$ htpasswd -m -b -c htpasswd simon abcd Adding password for user simon simon@diablo:~$ cat htpasswd simon:<b>$apr1$mfvnBVmG$iIHIHOaH9vcImG5G.8eVa/</b> </pre> <p>Here, the salt is the 8 characters between the second and third <code>$</code>.</p> <p><code>htpasswd -s</code> stores a SHA-1 digest with no salt; this appears to be for compatibility with Netscape/LDIF:</p> <pre> simon@diablo:~$ htpasswd -s -b -c htpasswd simon abcd Adding password for user simon simon@diablo:~$ htpasswd -s -b htpasswd simon2 abcd Adding password for user simon2 simon@diablo:~$ cat htpasswd simon:{SHA}gf6L/odXbD7LIkJvjleEc4KRes8= simon2:{SHA}gf6L/odXbD7LIkJvjleEc4KRes8= </pre> <p>These can easily be reversed - convert into a hex digest:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; "".join("%02x" % ord(c) ... for c in "gf6L/odXbD7LIkJvjleEc4KRes8=".decode("base64")) '81fe8bfe87576c3ecb22426f8e57847382917acf' </code></pre> <p>then use an <a href="http://www.hashkiller.co.uk/sha1-decrypter.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">online hash database</a>.</p>
    singulars
    1. This table or related slice is empty.
    1. POAdding a salt to .htpasswd?
      singulars
      1. PTQuestion
    1. PTAnswer
    1. USAJP
    1. USSimonJ
    plurals
    1. This table or related slice is empty.
    1. This table or related slice is empty.
    1. POAdding a salt to .htpasswd?
      singulars
      1. PTQuestion
    1. This table or related slice is empty.
    1. VO
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. This table or related slice is empty.
      1. VTAcceptedByOriginator
    2. VO
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. This table or related slice is empty.
      1. VTUpMod
    3. VO
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. This table or related slice is empty.
      1. VTUpMod
    1. COThanks! I'm using SHA-1 to encrypt the passwords. What you've said seems to suggest then that MD5 is more secure for this than SHA-1? But it also has its weaknesses. I'm encoding and writing the data to the file with PHP, so I don't know how easy it is to add salts to MD5 hashes.
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. USBen
    2. COAnother point in its favour is that the MD5-based algorithm repeats the hashing 1000 times ("key strengthening"), which makes brute force cracking more time consuming. This question has code claiming to implement the algorithm: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1038791/how-to-programmaticaly-build-an-apr1-md5-using-php
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. USSimonJ
    3. COThat is absolutely brilliant! I learned a lot there, and the PHP code works perfectly. Thanks!
      singulars
      1. PO
      1. USBen
 

Querying!

 
Guidance
A row detail

Detail views are divided into sections. All the information in the data section comes from columns in the selected row. The other sections display data from other, related rows.

Related data can be related in a to-one or a to-many fashion. Captions of data related in a to-many fashion link to a list view showing a filtered view of the table.

Try moving around until you find a non-empty to-many entry and click on the label to get to one. You can move back to the root by clicking on the database name in the header.

SQuiL has stopped working due to an internal error.

If you are curious you may find further information in the browser console, which is accessible through the devtools (F12).

Reload