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    <p>C# has borrowed a lot of features from ML and Haskell for example:</p> <ul> <li><p>C# 2.0 brought us parametric polymorphism (or "generics"). I've heard that Dom Syme, one of the creators of F#, was largely responsible for implementing generics in the .NET BCL.</p></li> <li><p>C# 2.0 also allows programmers to pass and returns functions as values for higher-order functions, and has limited support for anonymous delegates.</p></li> <li><p>C# 3.0 and 3.5 improved support anonymous functions for true closures.</p></li> <li><p>LINQ can be considered C#'s own flavor of list comprehensions.</p></li> <li><p>Anonymous types look like an approximation of ML records</p></li> <li><p>Type-inference is a given.</p></li> <li><p>I don't know about you, but C# <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb383977.aspx" rel="noreferrer">extension methods</a> look an awful lot like Haskell <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_class" rel="noreferrer">type classes</a>.</p></li> <li><p>There's been a lot of talk about the "dynamic" keyword in C# 4.0. I'm not 100% sure of its implementation details, but I'm fairly sure its going to use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_type_system" rel="noreferrer">structural typing</a> rather than late binding to retain C#'s compile time safety. Structural typing is roughly equivalent to "duck typing for static languages", its a feature that Haskell and ML hackers have been enjoying for years.</p></li> </ul> <p>This isn't to say that C# is a functional programming language. Its still missing important features such as pattern matching, tail-call optimization, and list and tuple literals. Additionally, idiomatic C# is fundamentally imperative with a heavy dependence on mutable state.</p> <p>I wouldn't necessarily consider some of those features mentioned above as exclusive to functional programming languages, but its pretty clear that the C# developers have taken a lot of inspiration from functional programming languages in the past few years.</p>
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    1. POWhy is C# a functional programmming language?
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    1. COC# extension methods aren't like type classes. It's merely a convenient syntax on top of static methods.
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    2. COI like the analogy between extension methods and custom operators and especially the pipelining operator in F#: list |> List.map foo in F# corresponds to list.Map(foo) in C#.
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    3. COOh, and I should add that the .NET team is adding tuples to the .NET BCL (http://blogs.msdn.com/bclteam/archive/2008/11/04/what-s-new-in-the-bcl-in-net-4-0-justin-van-patten.aspx).
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