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    <p>At the risk of starting a flame war, I like to think of F# as a better OCaml with fewer gotchas and a better library. I don't find it hard to believe that F# would entice large parts of the OCaml community to cross over into .NET Land.</p> <p>(This strategy seems eerily similar to the approach that Microsoft used when it tried to lure Java developers using J#, which turned out to be a flot. Let's hope F# doesn't go down in the same way.)</p> <p>At least in my experience, .NET software shops tend to use VB.NET and C# at the exclusion of all other languages. VB.NET and C# are especially marketable because:</p> <ul> <li><p>They have extremely well-developed RAD and GUI support. F# GUIs need to be written by hand, making the language unsuitable for developing large, complex user interfaces.</p></li> <li><p>Existing documentation is written in C# and VB.NET, making it easy for newbie programmers to learn C# and VB.NET at the same time they learn the .NET BCL. F# programmers are required to mentally translate from C#/VB.NET, so at the very least knowing C# is already a prerequisite for learning F#.</p></li> <li><p>VB.NET/C# ride on the coattails of the familiar imperative programming style established by Java and C++. Functional programming exists far outside the mainstream, which slows down the crossover of programmers from imperative languages to F#.</p></li> </ul> <p>At the very least, I'm optimistic for F#. It has a few things going for it that you just don't see in other languages:</p> <ul> <li><p>Its had a ton of media exposure in blogs, and I've seen F# demos in the last 5 .NET conferences I've attended.</p></li> <li><p>I follow programming blogs religiously, and it looks like the programming community at large has become frustrated with lock-based approach to multithreading. Mutable state in multithreaded is a killer, which has prompted many programmers to switch over to a lock-free style using immutable datastructures. Immutability comes more naturally in F# than C#, and async workflows in F# make multithreaded code extremely easy to reason about.</p></li> <li><p>F# really <em>is</em> better at certain tasks than C#. For example, anything involving the transformation of XML or sourcecode to an abstract syntax is orders of magnitude easier in F# in 100% of cases.</p></li> <li><p>C# is becoming more and more "functional" with each new development. This helps to bring functional programming more into the mainstream and into widespread acceptance. While you can write C# in a functional style, most people find it very clumsy, especially when there are a lot of generic types involved. Its as if the functional features were tacked on as an afterthought -- its just easier to write a functional style using a real functional language like F#.</p></li> <li><p>Most importantly, F# is not just another C# clone with a different syntax. My company uses F# to compliment our existing C# codebase because it provides a whole new set of tools that just aren't readily available in C#.</p></li> </ul> <p>If F# goes mainstream, I imagine it'll be used in the way mentioned in the final bulletpoint, as a companion language to C# and VB.NET. People aren't going to adopt F# because its a superior alternative to C#/VB.NET, people will use F# when they grow out of the One True Language™ / "everything looks like a nail" approach to writing software.</p>
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    1. COExcellent answer - thank you. =)
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