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    <p>The <code>*args</code> and <code>**kwargs</code> is a common idiom to allow arbitrary number of arguments to functions as described in the section <a href="http://docs.python.org/dev/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions" rel="noreferrer">more on defining functions</a> in the Python documentation.</p> <p>The <code>*args</code> will give you all function parameters <a href="https://docs.python.org/dev/tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists" rel="noreferrer">as a tuple</a>:</p> <pre><code>In [1]: def foo(*args): ...: for a in args: ...: print a ...: ...: In [2]: foo(1) 1 In [4]: foo(1,2,3) 1 2 3 </code></pre> <p>The <code>**kwargs</code> will give you all <strong>keyword arguments</strong> except for those corresponding to a formal parameter as a dictionary.</p> <pre><code>In [5]: def bar(**kwargs): ...: for a in kwargs: ...: print a, kwargs[a] ...: ...: In [6]: bar(name='one', age=27) age 27 name one </code></pre> <p>Both idioms can be mixed with normal arguments to allow a set of fixed and some variable arguments:</p> <pre><code>def foo(kind, *args, **kwargs): pass </code></pre> <p>Another usage of the <code>*l</code> idiom is to <strong>unpack argument lists</strong> when calling a function.</p> <pre><code>In [9]: def foo(bar, lee): ...: print bar, lee ...: ...: In [10]: l = [1,2] In [11]: foo(*l) 1 2 </code></pre> <p>In Python 3 it is possible to use <code>*l</code> on the left side of an assignment (<a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3132/" rel="noreferrer">Extended Iterable Unpacking</a>), though it gives a list instead of a tuple in this context:</p> <pre><code>first, *rest = [1,2,3,4] first, *l, last = [1,2,3,4] </code></pre> <p>Also Python 3 adds new semantic (refer <a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3102/" rel="noreferrer">PEP 3102</a>):</p> <pre><code>def func(arg1, arg2, arg3, *, kwarg1, kwarg2): pass </code></pre> <p>Such function accepts only 3 positional arguments, and everything after <code>*</code> can only be passed as keyword arguments.</p>
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    1. USPeter Hoffmann
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