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POIs there an intelligent way to know the name of the library to link to at compile time? (Linux/Kubuntu)
 

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  1. POIs there an intelligent way to know the name of the library to link to at compile time? (Linux/Kubuntu)
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    <p>Please bear with me. I really want to know as I am curious about the answer:</p> <p>Is there an intelligent way to know the name of the library to link to at compile time?</p> <p>Allow me to give you an example that illustrates perfectly the reason for my question.</p> <p>I am a C++ newbie. I am learning about compiling, linking and libraries like boost. I just discovered boost/filesystem and wanted to try it. Having had troubles compiling, I used the following minimalist code:</p> <p><pre><code> // file boost_example.cpp #include "boost/filesystem.hpp"<br> #include &lt;iostream&gt;</p> <p>int main() { std::cout&lt;&lt;"Hello"; return 0; } </pre></code></p> <p>I tried to compile it, but being a newbie, I made a newbie mistake: I forgot to link to the proper library!<br> <code><pre> g++ boost_example.cpp -o run</pre></code><br> To be precise, I experienced the problem explained in <a href="http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_17.html" rel="noreferrer">this chapter of this fine book</a>.<br> I knew I had boost installed (I was told to install it to compile another project). I tried to copy from the Makefile of that other project, but the following didn't work:<br> <code><pre> g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lbooster</pre></code> <code><pre> g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lboost</pre></code> Trying to make an educated guess from the #include line in the code, I tried the following to no avail: <code><pre> g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lboost_filesystem</pre></code> By that time, I had started to search the web frantically. I hate search engines because most of the time, you don't find what you're looking. I found the following but they didn't help but to waste my time:<br> <a href="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=244593" rel="noreferrer">Boost library link problem under kubuntu</a><br> <a href="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=897996" rel="noreferrer">C++/Boost linker errors</a> </p> <p>Since I am a RTFM kind of guy, I had actually checked the official documentation for the library I wanted to use: <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_43_0/libs/filesystem/doc/index.htm" rel="noreferrer">http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_43_0/libs/filesystem/doc/index.htm</a> but I didn't find any compile information. </p> <p>At some stage, I got inspired to check what I had actually installed on my system: <code><pre> $ locate boost_file /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.so.1.38.0 </pre></code> Thus, I found the proper name of the library to link. The following worked:<br> <code><pre> g++ boost_example.cpp -o run -lboost_filesystem-mt</pre></code> </p> <p>Now, beside using (possibly) intelligent guess work and searching the web, is there a more intelligent way to find the name of the library to link to? I would never have guessed the library name <code>boost_filesystem-mt</code> given the header <code>"boost/filesystem.hpp"</code>. </p> <p>What's worse: <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;q=site:http://www.boost.org/+%22boost_filesystem-mt%22" rel="noreferrer">boost_filesystem-mt is not mentioned anywhere</a> on the official site! (I'm guessing it's distro/packaging dependent).</p> <p>Again, I always make a point of RTFM before asking a question, and I found <a href="http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_21.html" rel="noreferrer">this chapter of the aforementioned book</a>, so I checked what I could find on my system at /usr/lib/:<br> <code><pre> $ ls /usr/lib/<em>boost</em> /usr/lib/libboost_date_time-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_prg_exec_monitor-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_date_time-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_program_options-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_date_time-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_program_options-mt.so /usr/lib/libbooster.a /usr/lib/libboost_program_options-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libbooster.so /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt.a /usr/lib/libbooster.so.0 /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py25.a /usr/lib/libbooster.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py25.so /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py25.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py26.a /usr/lib/libboost_filesystem-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py26.so /usr/lib/libboost_graph-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt-py26.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_graph-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_python-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_graph-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_regex-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_iostreams-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_regex-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_iostreams-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_regex-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_iostreams-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_serialization-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99f-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_serialization-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99f-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_serialization-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99f-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_signals-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99l-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_signals-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99l-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_signals-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99l-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_system-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_system-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_system-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_c99-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_thread-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1f-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_thread-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1f-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_thread-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1f-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_unit_test_framework-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1l-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_unit_test_framework-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1l-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_unit_test_framework-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1l-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_wave-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_wave-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_wave-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_math_tr1-mt.so.1.38.0 /usr/lib/libboost_wserialization-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_prg_exec_monitor-mt.a /usr/lib/libboost_wserialization-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_prg_exec_monitor-mt.so /usr/lib/libboost_wserialization-mt.so.1.38.0 </pre></code></p> <p>And now I am scratching my head very hard, because I really don't know how to correlate the above to the <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/" rel="noreferrer">list of boost libraries</a>.</p> <p>I apologize for this long-winded example, but it perfectly illustrate my problem: </p> <p><strong>Beside guesswork, searching the web, asking other people, trial and error, etc... is there a more intelligent way to find the name of the library one should link to?</strong> Aren't those kind of things supposed to be documented somewhere?</p> <p>I'm certainly interested in knowing the answer as far as boost is concerned, but my question is more generic and is applicable to any library.</p> <p>Incidentally, I have a very similar question regarding the name of linux packages (be they .deb or .rpm). If I am told that to compile such or such software I need, say, PRCE or FooBar, how do I know precisely the name of the package to install? I know how to user apt-cache (for Kubuntu debs) but some package naming are not intuitive and I often end up installing packages I don't really need...</p>
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    1. COThe answers are basically - no, there isn't, and yes, it should be documented.
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    2. COThanks for the concise answer. I made a note to remind me to file a bug report @ boost. http://linux.overshoot.tv/ticket/129
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