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    <p>Malicious Code injection.</p> <p>Because Java (or any language using an interpreter at runtime), performs linkage at runtime, it is possible to replace the expected JARs (the equivalent of DLLs and SOs) with malicious ones at runtime.</p> <p>This is a vulnerability, which is combated since the first release of Java, using various mechanisms.</p> <ul> <li>There are protections in places in the classloaders to ensure that java.* classes cannot be loaded from outside rt.jar (the runtime jar).</li> <li>Additionally, security policies can be put in place to ensure that classes loaded from different sources are restricted to performing only a certain set of actions - the most obvious example is that of applets. Applets are constrained by the Java security policy model from reading or writing the file system etc; signed applets can request for certain permissions.</li> <li>JARs can also be signed, and these signatures can be verified at runtime when they're loaded.</li> <li>Packages can also be sealed to ensure that they come from the same codesource. This prevents an attacker from placing classes into your package, but capable of performing 'malicious' operations.</li> </ul> <p>If you want to know why all of this is important, imagine a JDBC driver injected into the classpath that is capable of transmitting all SQL statements and their results to a remote third party. Well, I assume you get the picture now.</p>
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    1. POWhat are common Java vulnerabilities?
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    1. COThis exact concept just came to mind, and I was going to mention it. But, I have a hard time of wrapping my head around how one would take advantage of this... Can you provide a use case of how someone could inject a malicious jar? A lot of overflow exploits are done simply by viewing a web page, or processing an image. Maybe I am just thinking about it all wrong, and this is a whole different world of vulnerabilities...
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    2. COWell, the last few sentences cover that. Since Java is usually used on the enterprise side of the industry, in the server farms, you would usually need a willing system administrator, or a compromised server to pull this off. I'll consider the second scenario since it is more plausible. Imagine a server (facing the internet) with a root access exploit or similar that allows an attacker to modify files on it at any possible location. Such an attacker would be able to upload his malicious payload present in, say the javax.sql.* namespace (contd.).....
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    3. COIf he were able to replace PreparedStatement.class with his own variety, and get it loaded before the one in rt.jar, then it is really left to his imagination on what is possible if such a security hole exists. He could record all the data flowing back and forth the application server and the database, and possibly upload it periodically to an external server. Thankfully, the protections in place are probably good enough for today.
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