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    <p>As said <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/switch.html" rel="noreferrer">here</a>, switch works with the byte, short, char, and int primitive data types. It also works with enumerated types and a few special classes that "wrap" certain primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer. </p> <p>The Java switch statement is compiled into the <a href="http://www.artima.com/underthehood/flowP.html" rel="noreferrer">JVM bytecode tableswitch or lookupswitch</a>. Both of these bytecodes require that the case values be unique, 32-bit, integer, compile-time constants.</p> <p>The tableswitch and lookupswitch instructions both include one default branch offset and a variable-length set of case value/branch offset pairs.<br> Both instructions pop the key (the value of the expression in the parentheses immediately following the switch keyword) from the stack.<br> The key is compared with all the case values:</p> <ul> <li>If a match is found, the branch offset associated with the case value is taken. </li> <li>If no match is found, the default branch offset is taken. </li> </ul> <p>Even though the above represents implementation details, I believe <strong>the types used for switch are the one compatible with an efficient bytecode for control flow</strong>, and it may have been an important part for the reason of this choice.</p> <p>As said in this <a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4276296" rel="noreferrer">Java Bug</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>I suppose you could allow Java switch statement cases to include other types of values, and compile a switch statement that uses one of those kinds of values into other bytecode, such as a sequence of ifs and gotos. But then we'd have to examine all switch statements carefully in order to determine if it will be compiled into a fast switch bytecode or a slow sequence of if-elses.</p> </blockquote> <p>As said in this other <a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4401321" rel="noreferrer">Java bug</a></p> <blockquote> <p>'switch' statements can use function-table dispatch and/or binary-tree search to match the case statements faster than just testing them one by one in order.</p> </blockquote>
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    1. COThis is implementation details. Not the actual reason of this choice.
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