StackOverflow2013

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3080427
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2010-06-20T18:26:26.130
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2010-06-20T18:37:54.090
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2010-06-20T18:37:54.090
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370849
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3080213
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text
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<p>In general, a compiler translates one language into another. Most compilers target machine code; here are the most common ways of doing this, in order from lowest-level to highest-level:</p> <ol> <li>Produce machine code directly, by including back-ends for each instruction set.</li> <li>Produce assembly language, which is passed to an external assembler. This is what gcc does. After all, why not use existing assemblers? Generating opcodes directly is a pain.</li> <li>Generate a low-level intermediate form of the code, such as <a href="http://llvm.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">LLVM bytecode</a>, which gets transformed into machine code. LLVM is a godsend for compiler-writers, because it handles a vast number of optimizations and supports a lot of back-ends, while letting you write at a higher level than assembly.</li> <li>Transform the code into a language like C, and then pass it to another compiler. <a href="http://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/358" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Facebook does this to PHP</a>: they compile it to C++, and then use gcc to compile that to assembly, which is assembled to native code by GNU as.</li> </ol> <p>If you'd like to try writing a compiler, I'd recommend starting off with something like C as the back-end. If you'd like to get more elaborate later, try LLVM. If you try to produce assembly language or machine code directly, it'll probably be less efficient than what a C compiler or LLVM would produce. I speak from embarrassing personal experience on this one.</p>
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1. PODoes a compiler have an assembler too?
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1. USPeter Scott
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1. USPeter Scott
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