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    <p><strong>Comparing Java 7 and C# 3</strong></p> <p>(Some features of Java 7 aren't mentioned here, but the <code>using</code> statement advantage of all versions of C# over Java 1-6 has been removed.)</p> <p>Not all of your summary is correct:</p> <ul> <li>In Java methods are virtual <em>by default</em> but you can make them final. (In C# they're sealed by default, but you can make them virtual.)</li> <li>There are plenty of IDEs for Java, both free (e.g. Eclipse, Netbeans) and commercial (e.g. IntelliJ IDEA)</li> </ul> <p>Beyond that (and what's in your summary already):</p> <ul> <li>Generics are completely different between the two; Java generics are just a compile-time "trick" (but a useful one at that). In C# and .NET generics are maintained at execution time too, and work for value types as well as reference types, keeping the appropriate efficiency (e.g. a <code>List&lt;byte&gt;</code> as a <code>byte[]</code> backing it, rather than an array of boxed bytes.)</li> <li>C# doesn't have checked exceptions</li> <li>Java doesn't allow the creation of user-defined value types</li> <li>Java doesn't have operator and conversion overloading</li> <li>Java doesn't have iterator blocks for simple implemetation of iterators</li> <li>Java doesn't have anything like LINQ</li> <li>Partly due to not having delegates, Java doesn't have anything quite like anonymous methods and lambda expressions. Anonymous inner classes usually fill these roles, but clunkily.</li> <li>Java doesn't have expression trees</li> <li>C# doesn't have anonymous inner classes</li> <li>C# doesn't have Java's inner classes at all, in fact - all nested classes in C# are like Java's static nested classes</li> <li>Java doesn't have static classes (which don't have <em>any</em> instance constructors, and can't be used for variables, parameters etc)</li> <li>Java doesn't have any equivalent to the C# 3.0 anonymous types</li> <li>Java doesn't have implicitly typed local variables</li> <li>Java doesn't have extension methods</li> <li>Java doesn't have object and collection initializer expressions</li> <li>The access modifiers are somewhat different - in Java there's (currently) no direct equivalent of an assembly, so no idea of "internal" visibility; in C# there's no equivalent to the "default" visibility in Java which takes account of namespace (and inheritance)</li> <li>The order of initialization in Java and C# is subtly different (C# executes variable initializers before the chained call to the base type's constructor)</li> <li>Java doesn't have properties as part of the language; they're a convention of get/set/is methods</li> <li>Java doesn't have the equivalent of "unsafe" code</li> <li>Interop is easier in C# (and .NET in general) than Java's JNI</li> <li>Java and C# have somewhat different ideas of enums. Java's are much more object-oriented.</li> <li>Java has no preprocessor directives (#define, #if etc in C#).</li> <li>Java has no equivalent of C#'s <code>ref</code> and <code>out</code> for passing parameters by reference</li> <li>Java has no equivalent of partial types</li> <li>C# interfaces cannot declare fields</li> <li>Java has no unsigned integer types</li> <li>Java has no <em>language</em> support for a decimal type. (java.math.BigDecimal provides something <em>like</em> System.Decimal - with differences - but there's no language support)</li> <li>Java has no equivalent of nullable value types</li> <li>Boxing in Java uses predefined (but "normal") reference types with particular operations on them. Boxing in C# and .NET is a more transparent affair, with a reference type being created for boxing by the CLR for any value type.</li> </ul> <p>This is not exhaustive, but it covers everything I can think of off-hand.</p>
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    1. POWhat are major differences between C# and Java?
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    1. USJon Skeet
    1. USJon Skeet
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    1. POWhat are major differences between C# and Java?
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    1. COI'm not sure on how static classes work in C#, but Java has enum classes which ought to be similar.
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      1. USJesperE
    2. CO@JesperE: No, enum classes aren't really like static classes in C#. You can still pass enums as parameters, use them as variables, define instance mtehods etc in Java. In C# static classes are *just* used for utility methods, basically. (There can be static state in the class, but no instance state)
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      1. USJon Skeet
    3. CO"Java doesn't have static classes (which don't have any constructors..." Apart from static constructors! :)
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      1. USDaniel Earwicker
 

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